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Operating Room Staffing at American University of Beirut Medical Center

The American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) in Lebanon is certified by US medical boards. Like similar hospitals internationally, it must meet standards such as the American College of Surgeons’ criteria for operating rooms. Level I and II trauma centres are required to have an operating room (OR) staffed 24 hours per day. A base level of at least one OR team available 24 hours a day is mandatory. During normal business hours, AUBMC will typically have additional OR teams available, since surgery is scheduled during these times and additional teams can be used in an emergency. An important decision must be made concerning the availability of a backup team during the evening hours.
A backup team is needed during the evening hours if the probability of having two or more cases simultaneously is significant. “Significant” is difficult to judge, but for the purposes of this case assume that a backup OR team should be employed if the expected probability of two or more cases occurring simultaneously is greater than 1 percent.
In one published year-long study, emergency OR patients that arrived after 11 p.m. and before 7 a.m. were studied in a hospital similar to AUBMC. During this time period, there were 62 patients that required OR treatment. The average service time was 80.79 minutes.
In analyzing the problem, think about this as a single channel, single-phase system with Poisson arrivals and exponential service times.

a) Calculate the average customer arrival rate and service rate per hour.
b) Calculate the probability of zero patients in the system (PO), the probability of one patient (P1), and the probability of two or more patients simultaneously arriving during the night shift.
c) Using a criterion that if the probability is greater than 1 percent, a backup OR team should be employed, make a recommendation to hospital administration.
 
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Music Inc. has been selling music DVDs for 10 years and now wants to enter the Movie DVD business. They have entered a deal with paramount pictures to sell on DVD all of their future and past movies. The accounting department has estimated the cost of the DVD, Packaging, and Copyright fees for each DVD to be $5.00. The fixed cost for machinery, buildings & grounds, and overhead to be $30,000 per year. If Music Inc. sells each DVD for $20.00, how many DVDs must they sell to break even? Next, if Music Inc. sells 18,000 DVDs per year at a price of $20.00 what is their profit? Finally, if Music Inc. instead decides to lower the selling price per DVD by 10% ($18.00) and projects they will sells 10% more in that year (19,800), what is their profit? What conclusion can you draw about lowering prices in the market by 10% (hint – how many more units must be sold to recover the profit lost from selling at a 10% lower price)?
 
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The article I find was titled “Toxic Leadership” by colonel George E. Reed. My first take away from this article is that they make it very clear that these toxic leaders are very dominant. For example, in the article it says, “Writer Marcia Whicker describes toxic leaders as “maladjusted, malcontent, and often malevolent, even malicious. They succeed by tearing others down. They glory in turf protection, fighting and controlling rather than uplifting followers.”(George 2004) This quote is absolutely right because I’ve dealt with leaders like this on my high school football team, he thought since he was bigger and older than me that he could intimidate and boss me around which made me want to quit the team. Another take away from this article is that toxic leaders are not just the loud and arrogant ones, the leaders that let you walk all over them are also toxic. In the article it says, “A leader with a soft voice and façade of sincerity can also be toxic.”(George 2004) This simple quote says a lot because if you have a leader like this no one will see you as a leader, it will be ha4rd to come to a conclusion and to get everyone to listen to what you have to say becasue they will only care about their ideas and try to bully you in order to get what they want; these type of leaders could be worse than the loud and arrogant type. The last thing I took away from this article is your subordinates will eventually try to get rid of you anyway possible. In the article it says, “Superiors took no action and, characteristically, no soldier officially complained to the chain of command, but the soldiers considered taking matters into their own hands and discussed shooting him when the company got into combat.8 Things did not go that far because the commander left the unit before Easy Company engaged in combat operations.”(George 2004) This is really dangerous because the leader had no clue that his subordinates would snoop so low and do this instead of just making complaints to get him removed. This is also why you should always think how you make your subordinates feel because it may not be as serious to kill you but they could do something that would damage your reputation and them your life could possibly be ruined.

What are your thoughts on this passage? What lessons can you take from toxic leadership?

 
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Visit Wikipedia (address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postponement). This part discusses postponement strategy. Read it carefully and compare postponement strategy with the following strategy and discuss similarities and differences of the two strategies.

“…A fashion company decides to market denim jeans in unusual colors: lightning green, electric orange and shocking red. The company buys denim and dyes it in each of the three colors. The next step is producing the jeans – which involves cutting, sewing, etc. – in each of the three colors. In year 1, the company expected demand for each product to be approximately the same and produced 100,000 units of each product. However, the electric orange jeans were a runaway success (demand was 250,000), while the other two colors sold only 25,000 units each. It is unclear which color will catch on next year, and the company wants to avoid facing the same problem. As a result, they decide to reverse their operations, producing basic white denim jeans first, and then dyeing them in different colors. Assume that sufficient capacity exists in both operations, and the dyeing operation is a very simple and quick process…”

 
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