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SECTION A: CASE STUDY
THIS SECTION IS COMPULSORY (20 MARKS)
Use the case information to answer the questions that follow.
KFC is the world’s most popular chicken restaurant chain with over 23,000 KFC outlets in more than 140 countries and territories around the world including Ghana. Its original recipe chicken, cole slaw and fries can be found in KFC outlets all over the world and tastes basically the same wherever you go. The globalization of KFC’s supply chain has offered tremendous opportunity, as well as increased risk, in its development. In the 1970s and 1980s, Japan, Australia, and United Kingdom accounted for the greatest share of the KFC’s international expansion. Following these, other markets such as China, Europe and Latin America became attractive, offering expansion opportunities. By 1996, KFC was operating in Mexico, the Caribbean, and in the Central and South America.
Many of these cultures were difficult to penetrate because of strong culinary traditions. KFC previously failed in German markets because Germans were not accustomed to take-out food or to ordering food over the counter. However, in the Asian markets, where chicken is a staple dish, KFC was more successful. In some countries of the world such as, Malaysia, Indonesia and some others, it is illegal to import poultry, a situation that has led to product shortages. KFC also faced challenges with quality control of individual franchises due to long distances between headquarters and foreign franchises. Quality control was of great concern to the franchise which overhauled its operations in 1977 to emphasise cleanliness, service, profitability and product consistency.
Over the years, KFC has had to respond to changing customer demands. An example was the need to change its limited menu consisting mainly of fried foods in response to customers’ demand for healthier options. Another response by KFC was to change its name and logo from Kentucky Fried Chicken to KFC. Furthermore, it responded to consumer demands for greater variety by introducing several new products, such as Oriental Wings, Popcorn Chicken, and Honey BBQ Chicken as alternatives to its Original Recipe fried chicken. The company went as far as to introduce menus specific to the different cultures in which they operate e.g. In India, Cole Slaw was replaced with green fresh salads. A fierier burger called Zinger Burger was also introduced. During the Navaratri festival, KFC offered a new range of nine vegetarian products, which included Paneer burgers; Chinese tea was introduced in Chinese outlets whilst French outlets offered more deserts.
KFC Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky, is one of the few brands in America that can boast a rich, decades-long history of success and innovation.
a. What will you describe as the competitive strategy of KFC?
b. Is KFC more of an efficient or responsive supply chain?
c. The Accenture survey categorized risk in global supply chains. Which of the risk factors identified in
the survey was KFC affected by (mention 2)?
d. Which risk mitigation strategies (mention 2) do you see KFC employing in its global supply chain?
 
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Case Scenario 2: Tata Group The Tata group comprises over 90 operating companies in seven business sectors: communications and information technology, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. The group has operations in more than 80 countries across six continents, and its companies export products and services to 85 countries. The total revenue of Tata companies, taken together, was $67.4 billion in 2009-10, with 57 per cent of this coming from business outside India. Tata companies employ around 395,000 people worldwide. The Tata name has been respected in India for 140 years for its adherence to strong values and business ethics. Every Tata company or enterprise operates independently. Each of these companies has its own board of directors and shareholders, to whom it is answerable. There are 28 publicly listed Tata enterprises and they have a combined market capitalisation of about $98.86 billion (as on March 24, 2011), and a shareholder base of 3.5 million. The major Tata companies are Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Tata Power, Tata Chemicals, Tata Global Beverages, Indian Hotels and Tata Communications. Tata Steel became the tenth-largest steel maker in the world after it acquired Corus, later renamed Tata Steel Europe. Tata Motors is among the top five commercial vehicle manufacturers in the world and has recently acquired Jaguar and Land Rover. TCS is a leading global software company, with delivery centres in the US, UK, Hungary, Brazil, Uruguay and China, besides India. Tata Global Beverages is the second-largest player in tea in the world. Tata Chemicals is the world’s second largest manufacturer of soda ash and Tata Communications is one of the world’s largest wholesale voice carriers. Founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868, Tata’s early years were inspired by the spirit of nationalism. Tata companies have always believed in returning wealth to the society they serve. For example, two-thirds of the equity of Tata Sons, the Tata promoter company, is held by philanthropic trusts that have created national institutions for science and technology, medical research, social studies and the performing arts. The combined development-related expenditure of the trusts and the companies amounts to around 4 per cent of the net profits of all the Tata companies taken together. Anchored in India and wedded to traditional values and strong ethics, Tata companies are building multinational businesses that seek to achieve growth through excellence and innovation, while balancing the interests of shareholders, employees and civil society. Answer all the Questions: 1. (Refer to Case Scenario 2) To what extent does the Tata Group face the challenge of being both open and closed? 2. What issues does the Tata Group strategy suggest for internalizing external resources? 3. How might the Tata Group strategy change organizational routines?
 
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As Jay Brandt, manager of Custom Wood, Inc., you have a problem. Your firm manufactures quality pre-cut and custom-built doors and frames. You have received a letter dated August 3 from Julie Chen. Ms. Chen is an interior designer, and she complains that the oak French doors she recently ordered for a client were made to the wrong dimensions.

Although they were the wrong size, she kept the doors and had them installed because her clients were without outside doors. However, her carpenter charged an extra $455.50 to install them. She claims that you should reimburse her for this amount, since your company was responsible for the error. You check her July 2 order and find that order was filled correctly. In a telephone order, Ms. Chen requested doors that measured 3.13 square metres and that’s what you sent. Now she says that the doors should have been 3.23 metres. You record all your orders for training purposes and improved customer service and you have verified that Ms. Chen specified 3.13 square metres.

Your policy forbids refunds or returns on custom orders. You value her business. You’d like to remind her that Custom Woods has earned a reputation as a premier manufacturer of wood doors and frames, because of its prime woods, meticulous craftsmanship, award winning designs, and your engineering is ingenious.

Respond to Ms Chen at Julie Chen, Smart Interiors, 3282 Richmond rd. Vancouver, BC V5Y 2A8. Mention have enclosed a brochure for a new line of greenhouse windows available in 3 sizes

 
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Recently at a press conference, Network of Critical Governance (NCG), a collation of civil society organisation (CSOs) in governance and accountability, has described the fiscal condition of the country as abysmal and cautioned that if care is not taken the country will fall into a “bottomless pit”. However, NCG did not provide any evidence to support their claims and prediction. They only directed the press and the public to go and fetch the fiscal data of the year and find out for themselves. After the press conferences, a leading Media House in the country has downloaded the fiscal data of the year 2020 from the website of government and posted it on the social media for everyone to see. The data posted, which is verified to be true, is as follows: GH¢’million Direct taxes 35,000 Indirect taxes 45,000 Other revenues 6,000 Compensation for employees 61,000 Goods and Services 12.,000 Interest Expense 42,000 Capital expenditure 4,000 Other expenditures 24,000 Domestic debt 125,000 External Debt 185,000 Gross Domestic Product 372,000 The Minister of Finance, however, insists that the NCG does not know what they are about and that they are politically motivated. He concludes that the fiscals of the country are robust and unprecedent in the history of Ghana despite the COVID-19 disruptions. He advises the public to ignore the noises of the collation. The Minister further explains that the government is considering abolishing the annual budgeting practice so as not to put too much information in the public domain about the fiscal plans of government. He is optimistic that Cabinet will give approval to the proposal and the noises will stop. He added that abolishment of budget preparation will do ‘more good’ to the country than harm. Another concern of NCG is how government is going about the procurement of COVID-19 Vaccine for the entire population. It contends that government should use the international competitive tendering method of procurement in order to ensure value for money. Again, the Minister debunked the view indicating that the country will proceed with the single source procurement method in order to save lives. The most important thing is “the vaccines arrive at the Kotoka International Airport”, he added. 3 NCG also raises issues about the porous public financial management system (PFM) of the country, expressing that the country needs a robust PFM to achieve its development goals. It has cited the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) report to make the case that Ghana is performing poorly in PFM. It observes that all the seven pillars of PFM are very weak and porous and government must do the necessary investments to improve the system. The Minister agrees with the NCG and indicates that government welcomes proposals as to how the PFM system can be improved to deliver the intended outcomes. The Minister discloses that the government is proposing to establish a fund purposely for improving the PFM. The PFM Fund, when established, will bring total transformation to the PFM in Ghana. Required: a) Based on the computation of relevant fiscal indicators in accordance with the Public Financial Management Act 2016 (Act 921), discuss the fiscal performance of the country and indicate (with reason) whether you agree with the assessment of NCG. (10 marks) b) Based on your computations of fiscal indicators in question (a) above, suggest three (3) fiscal policies to government to improve the situation. (6 marks) c) Discuss the merits of the proposal of the Minister of Finance to abolish national budgeting, and clearly indicate your position on the acceptability and feasibility of the proposal. (4 marks) d) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the proposal of NCG to use international competitive tendering method to procure the COVID-19 Vaccine for the entire population and make an informed judgement on the use of the proposed method. (5 marks) e) Examine the merits of the proposal of the Minister of Finance to establish a PFM Fund for the improvement of PFM system in Ghana and suggest three areas that the monies accruing to the fund should be applied. (5 marks) (Total = 30 marks
 
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