solution

. A manufacturer of paint uses a system where colors are mixed at the time of customer purchase to the exact color wanted.

a This is an example of the bullwhip effect.

b This is an example of unused manufacturing capability

c This illustrates the concept of postponement.

d This results in extra costs for the manufacturer.

2. Quality function deployment (QFD)

a. determines what will satisfy the customer

b. includes listening to the voice of the customer

c. translates customer desires into product designs

d. all of the answers

3. Calculating TCO ensures that

a. freight and tariffs are excluded from the cost calculation.

b. customers receive the lowest possible cost for their product.

c. costs besides the purchase price are included in the evaluation.

d. the target price will be the correct price.