Cumulative Biology Final Exam

7/17/2019 Cumulative Final Exam

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BIO101_MH_V4 | Topic 14: Review

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Started on Wednesday, July 17, 2019, 11:00 PM State Finished

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The structure of valine, an amino acid, is shown. What portion of the valine molecule is indicated by the shaded area?

Select one: a. amino group

b. carbon chain

c. carboxyl group

d. R group

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Question 2 Incorrect

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Question 4 Correct

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Nucleotides are composed of

Select one: a. adenosine triphosphate, pentose sugars, and phosphates.

b. DNA, ribose sugars and polypeptides.

c. nitrogen-containing bases, phosphates, and peptides.

d. phosphates, pentose sugars, and nitrogen-containing bases.

What are the primary constituents of cell membranes?

Select one: a. carbohydrates

b. lipids

c. minerals

d. proteins

Which of the following is an organic catalyst and usually a protein?

Select one: a. ATP

b. coenzyme

c. enzyme

d. substrate

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Question 5 Incorrect

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Which of the following cell organelles is the site of the citric acid cycle?

Select one: a. Golgi apparatus

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. ribosome

What is the degradation product of heme?

Select one: a. bile pigment

b. globin

c. iron

d. porphyrin

During photosynthesis, which of the following happens?

Select one: a. Carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose.

b. Chloroplasts convert solar energy to ADP.

c. Hydrogen atoms reduce water to glucose.

d. Water is hydrolyzed.

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Question 8 Correct

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Question 9 Correct

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Question 10 Incorrect

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Which of these are the photosynthetic organs of a plant?

Select one: a. cones

b. fruits

c. leaves

d. seeds

Which of these is an end product of photosynthesis?

Select one: a. ATP

b. carbon dioxide

c. glucose

d. water

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced by the citric acid cycle?

Select one: a. 2

b. 4

c. 16

d. 256

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Question 11 Correct

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Question 13 Incorrect

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In cellular respiration, what percentage of the available energy is transferred from glucose to ATP?

Select one: a. 17%

b. 28%

c. 39%

d. 63%

Based on their characteristics, mitochondria could be evolutionary remnants of which type of microorganism?

Select one: a. bacteria

b. fungi

c. protozoa

d. virus

In cellular respiration, what is the end product of chemiosmosis?

Select one: a. ATP

b. glucose

c. NADH

d. pyruvic acid

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Question 14 Incorrect

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Question 16 Incorrect

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The primary cell wall of plants is composed of which of the following?

Select one: a. cellulose

b. chitin

c. lignin

d. phospholipid

What unique structural property of cellulose makes it largely indigestible by humans?

Select one: a. addition of chitin, another structural polysaccharide

b. alternating positioning of oxygen atoms in linked glucose

c. branched chains of linked glucose

d. covalent bonding between glucose units, providing extra stability

How do peripheral proteins play a role in the plasma membrane?

Select one: a. They often play a structural role, helping stabilize and shape the plasma membrane.

b. They allow ions to �ow directly through the membrane.

c. They bind with glycoproteins for cell recognition in immune responses.

d. They bind with a carrier protein to facilitate membrane transport.

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Question 17 Correct

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Question 18 Incorrect

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At the end of meiosis I, how many chromosomes from each homologous parental pair does one daughter cell contain?

Select one: a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

In meiosis, crossing-over of genetic material between two non-sister chromatids occurs during

Select one: a. anaphase I.

b. metaphase II.

c. prophase I.

d. telophase II.

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Question 19 Incorrect

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In the phase of mitosis depicted in the �gure, which of the following is occurring?

Select one: a. Chromatids are crossing over.

b. Chromosomes are aligning on the plates.

c. Daughter cells are being formed.

d. Sister chromatids are separating.

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Question 20 Incorrect

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In the representation of a DNA molecule shown below, what parts of the nucleotides are indicated by the colors red, green, blue, and yellow?

Select one: a. nitrogenous base

b. pentose sugar

c. phosphate

d. ribose sugar

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Question 21 Correct

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Question 22 Incorrect

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Using the Punnett square, what is the phenotypic ratio of tall plants to short plants?

Select one: a. 1:1

b. 2:1

c. 3:1

d. 1:3

Which of the following causes of mutations occurs when nucleotide pairs are replicated?

Select one: a. errors in replication

b. mutagens

c. transposons

d. gene expression

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Question 23 Incorrect

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Question 24 Correct

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Question 25 Incorrect

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In the following mutation the letter “C” was deleted from the sequence of codons. Instead of reading “THE CAT ATE THE RAT” the sequence reads “THE ATA TET HER AT.” Which of the following types of mutation is this?

Select one: a. deletion mutation

b. frameshift mutation

c. point mutation

d. protein mutation

Which of the following is an estimate of the number of pairs of DNA bases in the human genome?

Select one: a. 300,000 pairs

b. 5.8 million pairs

c. 3.2 billion pairs

d. 6.4 trillion pairs

Which type of bacteria is produced by biotechnology to express a cloned gene?

Select one: a. aerobic

b. pathogenic

c. peritrichous

d. transgenic

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Question 26 Incorrect

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In this illustration of the stem of a plant, the arrow points to which structure?

Select one: a. auxiliary bud

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b. node

c. petiole

d. terminal bud

Which type of root is used by certain plants for food storage?

Select one: a. adventitious

b. �brous

c. pneumatophore

d. tap

Which of the following processes involves evaporation of water from the leaves?

Select one: a. osmosis

b. respiration

c. translocation

d. transpiration

According to the cohesion-tension model, how does xylem transport work in plants?

Select one: a. Tension created by atmospheric pressure pushes water up the xylem.

b. Tension created by transpiration in the leaves pulls water along the xylem.

c. Water entering the root cells creates negative pressure that pushes water up the xylem.

d. Water is actively transported up the xylem by gravity.

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Question 30 Correct

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Question 31 Correct

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Which of the following types of tropism is exhibited by the plant shown in the photograph?

Select one: a. negative gravitropism

b. negative phototropism

c. positive phototropism

d. positive gravitoprism

Which plant hormone facilitates ripening of fruits?

Select one: a. abscisic acid

b. auxin

c. ethylene

d. gibberellin

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Question 32 Incorrect

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Question 33 Incorrect

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Referring to the diagram, what is the correct order of labeling for the boxes (1-4) depicting alternation of generations in �owering plants?

Select one: a. (1) meiosis, (2) mitosis, (3) fertilization, (4) mitosis

b. (1) meiosis, (2) mitosis, (3) mitosis, (4) meiosis

c. (1) mitosis, (2) meiosis, (3) fertilization, (4) mitosis

d. (1) mitosis, (2) meiosis, (3) meiosis, (4) mitosis

In plant reproduction, what is the eudicot structure that provides nutrition to the embryo?

Select one: a. cotyledon

b. hypocotyl

c. plumule

d. radicle

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Question 34 Incorrect

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Which of the following parts of a �ower protect the bud as the �ower develops?

Select one: a. anthers

b. ovaries

c. petals

d. sepals

An animal exhibits the following characteristics: tentacles, radial symmetry, and incomplete digestive tract. This animal would be classi�ed in which phylum?

Select one: a. Cnidaria

b. Platyhelminthes

c. Porifera

d. Rotifera

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Question 36 Incorrect

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According to the cladogram shown, what two characteristics distinguish lizards from gorillas?

Select one: a. an amniotic membrane and hair

b. bipedalism and a tail

c. hairlessness and a tail

d. jaws and lungs

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Question 37 Incorrect

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Question 38 Incorrect

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In the context of evolution, which type of selection is depicted in the graph?

Select one: a. directional selection

b. disruptive selection

c. natural selection

d. stabilizing selection

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, allele frequencies in a gene pool will remain at equilibrium as long as there is

Select one: a. interbreeding between populations.

b. frequent mutation.

c. genetic drift.

d. random mating.

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Question 39 Incorrect

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Question 41 Correct

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Spores are found in which part of a mushroom?

Select one: a. hyphae

b. lamellae

c. pileus

d. stipe

Which of the following types of mammal has a cloaca?

Select one: a. marsupial

b. monotreme

c. Placental

d. Testudinata

The blastopore develops into the anus in which of these invertebrates?

Select one: a. cockroach

b. earthworm

c. sea cucumber

d. squid

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According to the replacement model, where did the Homo sapiens in Europe migrate from?

Select one: a. Africa

b. Asia

c. Europe

d. North America

Which of the following human ancestors were the �rst to make tools?

Select one: a. Ardipithecines

b. Australopithecines

c. Homo erectus

d. Homo habilis

Which type of tissue lines the cavities of the human body?

Select one: a. connective

b. epithelial

c. muscular

d. nervous

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Question 45 Incorrect

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Question 46 Correct

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In the human body, which of these is a matrix of white �bers in connective tissue?

Select one: a. actin

b. collagen

c. elastic

d. myosin

Which term refers to the outermost layer of human skin?

Select one: a. dermis

b. subcutaneous

c. epidermis

d. follicle

In the human respiratory system, exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the

Select one: a. alveoli.

b. bronchi.

c. bronchioles.

d. trachea.

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Question 48 Incorrect

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Question 50 Correct

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In human reproduction, nutrient-rich blood is transported from the placenta to the fetus by the

Select one: a. foramen ovale.

b. inferior vena cava.

c. umbilical artery.

d. umbilical vein.

Which of the following female reproductive organs produces oocytes?

Select one: a. cervix

b. ovaries

c. oviducts

d. uterus

A typical human somatic cell contains how many chromosomes?

Select one: a. 22

b. 23

c. 46

d. 47

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Question 51 Incorrect

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Question 52 Incorrect

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What must primary mRNA undergo to become mature mRNA?

Select one: a. processing provided by tRNA molecules

b. processing to remove introns and join exons

c. processing to remove exons and join introns

d. translation into codon of amino acids

The addition of a poly-A tail and a guanine cap to a primary mRNA exempli�es which level of gene control in eukaryotes?

Select one: a. transcriptional

b. post-transcriptional

c. translational

d. post-translational

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Question 53 Correct

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In the food web shown in the �gure, which of the following are the primary consumers?

Select one: a. bald eagle and osprey

b. phytoplankton, submerged aquatic vegetation, and vegetation

c. small planktivorous �sh, benthic invertebrates, herbivorous ducks, geese and mute swans

d. gulls, wading birds, large piscivorous �sh, sea ducks, and tundra swan

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Question 55 Correct

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Which of the following is the order of energy �ow within an ecosystem?

Select one: a. decomposers ⇒ consumers ⇒ producers

b. producers ⇒ consumers ⇒ decomposers

c. producers ⇒ decomposers ⇒ carnivores

d. decomposers ⇒ producers ⇒ consumers

In the ocean, coral reefs are found in which zone?

Select one: a. abyssal

b. bathypelagic

c. epipelagic

d. mesopelagic

Of Earth’s terrestrial biomes, which one is hot in the summer, cold in the winter, gets moderate annual precipitation, and has good soil for agriculture?

Select one: a. grasslands

b. shrublands

c. taiga

d. tundra

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Question 57 Incorrect

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Which protists are responsible for causing red tide?

Select one: a. diatoms

b. dino�agellates

c. �agellates

d. sporozoans

Which of the following is a density-dependent regulating factor on the population of a community?

Select one: a. availability of space

b. competition

c. temperature range

d. water supply

Which type of learning occurs when a dog stops eating butter�ies because he gets sick every time he eats one?

Select one: a. classical conditioning

b. operant conditioning

c. unconditioned response

d. imprinting

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Question 60 Correct

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To communicate the location of a food source, a honey bee returns to its hive and performs a dance while the other bees gather around and touch it with their antennae. By touching the returning bee with their antennae, what form of communication are the bees exhibiting?

Select one: a. auditory

b. chemical

c. tactile

d. visual

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