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Is nothing straightforward in b2b research?

Organisational changes are making it increasingly difficult to complete business research. It is, for example, harder to contact business executives. Routes to them are less likely to be through a secretary or even a switchboard. Phone numbers are more likely to be direct, unlisted or routed through a central department or an automatic exchange that is immune to the persuasive interviewer. On a wider level, researchers have also had to contend with both the seemingly inexorable conglomeration of the business world and policy changes on compliance. Increasingly, corporate policy forbids interviews – even in corporations that need, and commission, research themselves. In areas where there is a restricted pool of potential participants, one cannot afford low strike rates. It does not just take longer to complete the quotas, one just runs out of contacts.

 
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A spoonful of research helps the medicine go down

The only difference between doctors and other consumers is that this is a classic b2b market, in which customers are not in themselves the end consumers. However, they still have a set of beliefs about the value of a brand for themselves and their patients. It is imperative, therefore, that researchers get beyond doctors’ rational and logical outer shell. They need to find a robust way to underpin functional data with the kind of emotionally driven information that could be used to feed into differentiated pharmaceutical products. Having long known that doctors were adept at assuming and maintaining a professional, logical ‘distance’ in research, the Insight Research Group began looking at how this behaviour might affect the depth of the overall findings. The often thoughtful, cogent, technical and articulate responses from doctors were in themselves something of a barrier to getting at the more fundamental drivers and triggers for prescribing that were required to make really compelling campaigns. This led to the development of a research approach that placed a greater emphasis on non-direct questioning, increased observation and interpretation of materials, generated from purpose-designed exercises. In small workshops, doctors participated in group and individual work that helped to dismantle the ‘doctor’ behaviour and facilitate access to their deeper ‘sensing’ levels. At the analysis stage, the specific sorts of communication, imagery, language and even tone that would help the brand to trigger response at both rational and emotional levels became the focus.

 
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Engineering the group discussion – the GlobalCash solution

Trying to bring together finance directors and cash managers from the largest companies in Europe to participate in focus groups could be viewed as an impossible task. The logistics of bringing together such senior managers, the rewards they may demand for attending such an event and the question of how much they would reveal to other managers and researchers in such a forum make the whole technique questionable. The solution demanded many months of planning, great expense to create an event that would draw managers together and the careful setting of a context that made managers relaxed enough to be open with their responses. Part of the incentive to complete a GlobalCash survey was an invitation to take part in a ‘closed forum for participants’. This meant that a date was set to present findings from the survey exclusively to participants. The date and meeting place of The Management Centre in Brussels (a forum for ‘serious’ discussion of high quality) were established well in advance to allow managers the chance to put the date in their diaries. The day started with an initial session of presenting statistical findings to the whole group of managers who had participated in a previous survey. As questions were fielded in this forum, particular topics of interest were identified and focus groups (never named as focus groups but as ‘workshops’) were built around these topics. By mid-morning, groups of around 10 to 12 managers were together tackling a theme of importance to them. With a loose set of topics to develop into questions and probes, the format for a focus group was achieved.

 
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Interfering parents

Hitachi Europe operated from offices in the UK and Germany. They managed transactions with wholesalers and retailers throughout Europe involving the euro and other currencies, e.g. Swiss francs and British pounds. They managed these transactions and the relationships with the parent company in Japan through a number of domestic and international banks. One of the key challenges that Hitachi Europe faced was trying to simplify the process of managing transactions and cutting down on the expense incurred in its thousands of transactions. The first route that it took was to purchase and implement a new accounting system, which in itself took three years from the moment of recognising the nature of the problem through to evaluating possible solutions, negotiations with alternative suppliers and on to buying and implementing the system through to changes in practices and training the staff. The second route was to concentrate the banking business by cutting down on the number of banks Hitachi Europe had accounts with and to develop a new business relationship with a bank that had the international expertise, compatible information systems and service support of the quality level it sought. For an organisation such as Hitachi, choosing a new bank and setting up a new account was not like a consumer going into a bank branch or to a website and selecting a product from a range of standard products. The main obstacle to change faced by Hitachi Europe was the parent company’s insistence that the European offices worked with certain Japanese banks. It is left to your imagination to appreciate the nature and intricacy of the networks and relationships between individuals working in Hitachi headquarters, regional offices, country offices, wholesalers, retailers and the banks that support their operations. Developing a new relationship between Hitachi Europe and a new bank, which would involve the demise of many established relationships, would involve much negotiation within Hitachi and between existing banks and the new bank. For Hitachi Europe, the process started at the time of choosing a new accounting system. Working with the new bank took another two years to complete, five years in all.

 
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