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Some have argued that the distribution of cable television service in a community is subject to economies of scale. Namely, it is cheaper to have just one company supply every household in the community with the service than to have several providers, each having to string separate cables throughout the community and each having to have its own satellite download facilities. On account of this apparent natural monopoly, communities employ franchise bidding to regulate local cable companies. Companies interested in supplying service to a community are required to bid ex ante for the right to be the sole supplier ex post. Explain why such franchise bidding competitions can serve to promote efficiency in markets characterized by natural monopoly.

 
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Economist Bill Samuelson suggests a problem centering around three air carriers competing for passengers on a given city-pair route. Namely, the fare that can be charged on the route is fixed at $225, while the size of the market is fixed at 2,000 passengers per day. There are three competing airlines: A, B, and C. Each airline gets passengers in proportion to its share of total flights. For example, if all three airlines offered the same number of flights, then they would each get one-third of the passengers. If Airline A offered six flights and B and C each offered three, then A would get 50 percent of the market, while B and C would get 25 percent each. Each plane holds a maximum of 300 passengers. Each plane trip costs $20,000, whether the plane is full or not.

 a. Confirm firm A’s profit equals $450,000[a/(a + b + c)] – $20,000a, where a, b, and c represent the number of flights by firms A, B, and C, respectively.

 b. Confirm to yourself that the table below gives the profits to A as a function of its flights and its competitors’ flights per day

. c. Consider a strategy for any one of the firms to be a policy of flying a certain number of flights per day. Is there a dominant strategy for A—that is, a number of flights that gives higher profits no matter what the competitors do?

 d. Is there a Nash equilibrium in this game? That is, is there a set of strategies (numbers of flights a, b, and c) such that each airline’s strategy is optimal given what the others are doing? Or, said another way, is there a set of strategies in which “unilateral defection” does not pay?

 e. Are there any strategies of A’s that are dominated by other strategies? That is, can you rule out one or more of A’s strategies because they are always worth less than something else?

 f. Follow the foregoing logic to its end: if you rule out some of A’s strategies, can you also rule out some for B and C? And if you can do that, can you then go back and rule out more of A’s strategies? Can you continue this process of “iterated dominance” to convince yourself of how many flights A should fly?

 
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Public policies are relations that are not restricted to unions which exclusively represent workers who are employed in governmental agencies. First contracts take a long time to reach first contracts because they first have to go through the public sector. Unions are a group of workers which is formed with the motive to keep the interest of the workforce. The reason behind the creation of unions is to uplift the working conditions of the workforce. I think that even after having the representation rights, unions fail at negotiating contracts with employers. This is because the use of practices that are unethical that employers usually do. They do these unethical practices in order to slow down the union benefits but increase their own rights and benefits. Changing public policy would help the workers negotiate a contract and not have to deal with the unethical practices of the employers.
 
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YOUR LEADERSHIP ‘POINT OF VIEW’ (Individual assignment; 20%) Our course covers many topics essential to effective leadership, and all material thus far could be considered for this assignment. But this assignment certainly focuses on two of them: leadership character and leadership-style communications. With that in mind, imagine EITHER of the following different but possible scenarios: SCENARIO 1: You’re sitting through an intensive promotion or hiring interview which has already thoroughly reviewed your resume skills and experiences. As the interview nears its conclusion, the interviewer says: “Just before we conclude this interview, is there anything that you want us to remember about you when we deliberate on your candidacy for this leadership role?” At this point, most candidates say little, and are just happy to have the interview end. What a missed opportunity! What would you say in those last 2 minutes so that they remember you above all other candidates? What will make you stand out in their minds as to the type of leader you will be? In other words, what will make you special? SCENARIO 2: This week you’ve just learned that you have been newly hired – or promoted from within – into a management role where you will need to lead an established team that you’ve never met before. From their perspective, this team doesn’t know anything about you as a leader (other than basic resume background info from your introductory bio that has already been shared with them). On Monday, it has been scheduled that you will introduce yourself to your new subordinate team for the first time. There may be operational issues you will need to cover in the first hour with them, but what will you say in the first 2 minutes, as a new leader, that will capture their attention and excite them to listen to you for the next 58 minutes? ASSIGNMENT ]2NTENT: Though different, these scenarios share a common ingredient; key constituents seeking to gain and understanding of, and confidence in, how you will self-actualize and frame your leadership role. Successful leadership is all about effective, compelling communication and it starts with your articulation of that role. In this assignment, you are required to prepare a leadership ‘point-of-view’ “speech”. Designed to be effectively delivered verbally in about 2 minutes, it must not be longer than 500 words. It must clearly communicate why EITHER (Scenario 1) an organization should hire /promote you to a new leadership role OR (Scenario 2) why employees should feel confidence in the leadership approach you will take with their team. You will want to take clear aim on whichever leadership behaviors (that we will explore in detail during the first 4 classes) you feel best represent your authentic style. In short, what can you say that would make you stand out against any other candidate or as someone people will want to follow? Due: Oct 21, 2021 Grade: 20%
 
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