QUESTION 1 This former magician named made distinctive cinematic work through the use of optical illusions, fantasy interlaced with humor and an emphasis on nonrealistic sets, special effects, and theatrics. His 1902 film, which was called loosely based on a Jules Verne story, used a sizable cast of professional actors, elaborate costumes, and highly stylized props and was his most famous film. QUESTION 2 An Edison employee named made big strides in narrative continuity and development when he directed this 1903 film, which was called and was a 12 minute western described by David Bordwell as “a prototype for the classical American film.” QUESTION 3 Edison’s first films were initially shown in a viewing machine, called the — which consisted of a large cabinet with a loop of film that displayed the film through a viewer you looked into. It was designed for use in viewing parlors and arcades. (this was different from his later projector, which he called the Vitascope!) QUESTION 4 Soon after the turn of the century, makeshift theatres began to appear in cities across the nation. They were called [X1), and showed a series of short films, often for the working classes, for five cents. QUESTION 5 The American moviemaker who had the greatest influence abroad during the era of silent cinema was a man by the name of Known for innovating in terms of film technique such as cross-cutting between action, using closeups, and moving the camera, he was reknowned for the “last minute rescue” in such films as THE LONELY VILLA and the racist) first major American feature film THE BIRTH OF NATION. His next was his follow up to BIRTH OF NATION, was known for its elaborate Babylonian sets and four story lines, and was an inspiration to early Soviet filmmakers. His editing techniques in that film were closely studied by students at the Moscow film school film QUESTION 6 The Russian director identified various kinds of montage, all of which could be used simultaneously within any sequence. He was known for his use of intellectual montage” in the film OCTOBER His editing is especially evident in the Odessa steps massacre sequence in his most famous film, titled in which he uses cuts that create a sense of abrupt spatial and temporal changes. QUESTION 7 An early Soviet filmmaker demonstrated editing’s power over time and space, and the ability of editing to make meaning, by intercutting pictures of an actor’s face with things such as a bowl of soup or a dead woman, causing viewers to read meaning into the actor’s face. This effect is named after him and was known as the [x1] effect. QUESTION 8 One of the rules of continuity editing is to try to place the camera without violating the axis of action, so that people or objects on the left stay on the left, and people and objects on the right. This is known as the (x1) rule.