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Pipelines are unique mode of transportation, because they are the only one without backhaul.
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True
False
Question 2
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__________ pipelines carry crude oil from wells to storage facilities.
Select one:
A. Transmission
B. Feeder
C. Gathering
D. Distribution
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Question 3
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Oil pipelines used for movement of products within Canadian provinces and international boundaries are classified as which of the following?
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A. Distribution
B. Transmission
C. Feeder
D. Gathering
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Slurry pipelines are used to move ores, such as coal, over long distances. What medium is used to move coal in slurry pipelines?
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A. Nitrogen
B. Water
C. Compressed air
D. Gas
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Question 5
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Pipeline operators can transport different types and grades of liquid petroleum products in the same pipeline. This is known as:
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A. Blocking
B. Batching
C. Breaking
D. Bracing
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The ________ process in the petroleum industry involves bringing oil and gas to the surface. The ________ process consists of converting crude oil into other products and then selling those products to customers.
Select one:
A. downstream; upstream
B. upstream; midstream
C. midstream; downstream
D. upstream; downstream
Recent research by economists David Cutler, Edward Glaeser, and Jesse Shapiro on Americans’ increasing obesity points to improved technology in the preparation of tasty and more caloric foods as a possible explanation of weight gain. Before World War II, people rarely prepared French fries at home because of the significant amount of peeling, cutting, and cooking required. Today, French fries are prepared in factories using low-cost labor, shipped frozen, and then simply reheated in homes. Paul consumes two goods: potatoes and leisure, N. The number of potatoes Paul consumes does not vary, but their tastiness, T, does. For each extra unit of tastiness, he must spend pt hours in the kitchen. Thus, Paul’s time constraint is N + ptT = 24. Paul’s utility function is U = TN0.5.
a. What is Paul’s marginal rate of substitution, MUT /MUN?
b. What is the marginal rate of transformation, pT / pN?
c. What is Paul’s optimal choice, (T*, N*)
d. With a decrease in the price of taste (the ability to produce a given level of tastiness faster), does Paul consume more taste (and hence gain weight) or spend more of his time in leisure? Does a decrease in the price of taste contribute to weight gain?
Because people dislike commuting to work, homes closer to employment centers tend to be more expensive. The price of a home in a given employment center is $60 per day. The housing price drops by $2.50 per mile for each mile farther from the employment center. The price of gasoline per mile of the commute is (which is less than $2.50). Thus, the net cost of traveling an extra mile to work is pg – 2.5 Lan chooses the distance she lives from the job center, D (where D is at most 50 miles), and all other goods, A. The price of A is $1 per unit. Lan’s utility function is U = D-0.5A0.5, and her income is Y, which for technical reasons is between $60 and $110.
a. Is D an economic bad (the opposite of a good)?
b. Draw Lan’s budget constraint.
c. Derive Lan’s demand functions for A and D.
d. Show that as the price of gasoline increases, Lan chooses to live closer to the employment center.
e. Reportedly, increases in gasoline prices hit the poor especially hard because they live farther from their jobs, consume more gasoline in commuting, and spend a greater fraction of their income on gasoline (“For Many Low-Income Workers, High Gasoline Prices Take a Toll,†Wall Street Journal, July 12, 2004, A1). Show that as Lan’s income increases, she chooses to live closer to the employment center. Demonstrate that as Lan’s income decreases, she spends more per day on gasoline.
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