Environmental Science

Date:

Instructor’s Name:

Assignment: SCIE211 Phase 3 Lab Report

Title: Sources of CO2 Emissions

Instructions: You will need to write a 1-page lab report using the scientific method centered on the known phenomena of CO2 emissions, related to the following question:

· Would you expect to see an increase or decrease in CO2 emission in the data over the past 40 years? Why?

When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted Assignment files.

Part I: In the Web site link given in the assignment description, you will see an interactive map of the world titled “GMD Measurement Locations.” You can zoom in and out and move the map around within the window. In the map, choose 5 sites that are labeled with a star, which will have CO2 concentrations. Follow the steps below to fill in the data table:

1. Click on a starred location. (One site will not have CO2 concentrations.)

2. Once the starred location opens, on the right side of the screen, click on the pictured graph “Examples of Data” for CO2.

3. Once the graph opens, make a note of the CO2 concentrations from previous years to present day. Fill in the table below.

4. Repeat steps 1–3 for all other locations.

5. Use these results in your lab report to help you assess CO2 concentration trends from 1990 to 2005.

Location Code Name of City/Country CO2 Emissions in 1990 CO2 Emissions in 2005
       
       
       
       
       

Part II: Write a 1-page lab report using the following scientific method sections:

· Purpose

· State the purpose of the lab.

· Introduction

· This is an investigation of what is currently known about the question being asked. Use background information from credible references to write a short summary about concepts in the lab. List and cite references in APA style.

· Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome

· A hypothesis is an educated guess. Based on what you have learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you expect to be the results of the lab procedures.

· Methods

· Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab. The Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers) were collected during the lab; this will be reported in the Results/Outcome section.

· Results/Outcome

· Provide here any results or data that were generated while doing the lab procedure.

· Discussion/Analysis

· In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected results, and if the outcome was as expected.

· Note: You can use the lab data to help you discuss the results and what you learned.

Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction section.

Give your paper a title and number, and identify each section as specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a 1-sentence answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to adequately explain your experiment.

When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted Assignment files.

 
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Mendelian Genetics Lab

Background

The laws of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance, discovered in the mid 19th century by Gregor Mendel, form the basis of all genetics. The ability to predict the results of crossing experiments and explain any variance between expected and observed results is still a vital part of our understanding of heredity. The relationship between the genotype and the phenotype of an organism is now understood with better clarity than it was in the early part of the 20th century. Today our ability to determine gene sequences in individual organisms and populations of organisms has allowed us to deepen our understanding of heredity. In this lab assignment you will experiment with monohybrid crosses and explore the role of chance in genetics.

 

 

I have already started the lab work

Lab Template

Week 5: Mendelian Genetics

 

Submitted by: <your name here>

 

As you complete the lab, record your answers in this template. Save the document as LastName_FirstName_BIO1020_W5A3, and submit it to the Dropbox. Full lab instructions and the rubric with which you will be evaluated can be found in the online classroom.

 

Activity

The laws of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance form the basis of all genetics. The ability to predict the results of crossing experiments and explain any variance between expected and observed results is still a vital part of our understanding of heredity. In this lab assignment you will experiment with monohybrid crosses and explore the role of chance in genetics.

 

 

Experiment 1

Questions

1. (10 points)

a. Set up and complete Punnett squares for each of the following crosses: (remember Y = yellow and y = blue)

 

· Y Y and Y y

 

    Parent 1
    Y Y
Parent 2 Y YY YY
  y Yy yy

 

 

 

 

 

· Y Y and y y

    Parent 1
    Y Y
Parent 2 Y Yy Yy
  y Yy Yy

 

 

 

 

 

b. What are the resulting phenotypes for each cross? Are there any blue kernels?

Y Y and Y y Y Y and y y
 

The resulting phenotypes is that all the offsprings are yellow because all the offspring have at least one Y (yellow, dominant) allele

 

 

 

 

 

All the offsprings are yellow

There are no blue kernels in either cross and all are yellow because the genotypes of all the kernels have at least one dominant (Y) gene which codes for yellow color.

 

 

2. (10 points)

a. Set up and complete a Punnett squarefor a cross of two of the F1 from the Y Y and y y cross above.

 

 

 

     

Parent 1

    Y Y
Parent 2 y Yy Yy
  y Yy Yy

 

 

 

 

b. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 generation?

 

 

The genotypes of offsprings are Yy (heterozygous) and their proportion is 100% If Y= yellow an y= blue, then the phenotypes of the off springs would be the characteristics of Y gene which means all the off springs will have a yellow color.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Experiment 2

Questions

As you select the beads from the beaker, complete this table with each cross. You may complete the associated Punnett Squares on paper, but do not need to submit them as part of this lab.

 

  Parents – randomly selected F1 – determined from Punnett square
Cross Genotype parent #1 Genotype parent #2 4 Genotypes 4 Phenotypes
1 yy

 

yy yy yy
2  

Yy

yY YY Yy
3  

Yy

YY YY YY
4 yY

 

yy Yy yy
5  

yy

YY Yy Yy

 

 

1. (10 points)

a. How much genotypic variation do you find in the randomly picked parents of your crosses? How much in the offspring?

 

 

Possible Genotype Parents Offspring
YY 3 4
Yy 3 10
yy 4 6
Total 10 20

 

 

 

 

 

b. How much phenotypic variation do you find in the parents of your crosses? How much in the offspring?

 

 

 

 

 

2. (10 points)

a. What is the ratio of phenotypes (yellow kernel color: blue kernel color) in the 20 offspring of your five crosses?

 

 

 

 

 

b. If you were to run this experiment 1000 times, rather than just 5 times, what would you expect the ratio of phenotypes to be in the offspring?

 

 

 

 

 

c. Is the ratio of observed phenotypes the same as the ratio of predicted phenotypes in the offspring? Why or why not?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Organisms heterozygous for a recessive trait are often called carriers of that trait. Explain what this means. (10 points)

 
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Research Paper

Research Paper

 

A Research Paper is being required in lieu of a final examination and covers topics that have been presented during the course. Prepare a Research Paper from one of the topics selected from those listed below:

 

1. Research a recent (within the last three years) hazardous materials incident on U.S. roadways involving

 

trucking and describe what happened, what specific safety measures were and were not followed, and

 

how the accident might have been avoided or results of the accident reduced.

 

2. Research a recent (within the last three years) major accident on roadways of the U.S. involving a

 

truck/trailer combination that resulted in major damage or major injuries. Describe the factors leading up

 

to the accident and how application of specific principles you have learned in this course could have

 

either prevented the accident or reduced the damages.

 

3. Research a major terrorism incident involving use of a vehicle as a weapon (within the last three years)

 

anywhere in the world and describe what specific measures could have been taken to prevent the

 

incident or to lessen its impact.

 

The paper should be at least five to seven pages in length, be written using APA format and have the following elements:

 

 

Cover sheet

Introduction

Description of accident

Specific measures or factors listed that were not followed or led up to the accident

Recommendations as to what specifically could have been done to prevent or reduce damage from the

 

accident/incident

 

A conclusion section giving a summary to support your views/ideas

 

 

 

Note: If you use an accident that has been fully investigated by an agency of the government and you utilize their recommendations, you must explain why you feel

 

 

each of these recommendations are valid and how you feel that

 

they could be put into place.

 

 

 

APA Guidelines

 

CSU requires that students use the APA style for papers and projects. Therefore, the APA rules for formatting,

 

 

 

quoting, paraphrasing, citing, and listing of sources are to be followed. A document titled “APA Guidelines Summary”

 

 

is available for you to download from the APA Guide Link, found in the Learning Resources area of the myCSU

 
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Environmental Engineering Essay

Assignment  – Connecting Course Content with Current Events; Solid Waste and Superfund

I would like each of you to locate two journal articles, written within the last 5 years, that relate to the content of this course since the first homework.  This includes the Solid Waste Disposal Act, RCRA, and CERCLA.  I recommend using Google Scholar (scholar.google.com) to make finding articles a little easier.  You may need to log into the Pollak Library proxy server to have access to more journals.  Let me know if you need help figuring out the library proxy.

Be certain to cite the articles, using proper APA formatting guidelines.

After reading the article(s), write a three-page, double-spaced review with three goals in mind.  First, critique the article itself.  Is it well-written, well-organized, and does it address pertinent issues?  Second, emphasize how this article exemplifies the original intent of the Act you chose.  Third, describe the aspect of the Law that is being questioned or applied and summarize how this impacts other current events of which you are aware or aspects of your own life.

The assignment is due at midnight on February 16th (that is, at the end of Monday, the beginning of Tuesday).  Use Times New Roman or Calibri font at 12pt.  Use 1-inch margins on all sides

 
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