UMUC Biology 102 / 103 Lab 6: Taxonomy ANSWER KEY

This contains 100% correct material for UMUC Biology 103 LAB06. However, this is an Answer Key, which means, you should put it in your own words. Here is a sample for the Pre lab questions answered:

 

 

Pre-Lab Questions

 

1. Use the following classifications to determine which organism is least related out of the three. Explain your rationale. (1 pts)

 

 

The Eastern Newt is the least related organism out of the three. While all three are classified into the same domain, kingdom, phylum and class the Eastern Newt is in a different order than the American Green Tree Frog and the European Fire-Bellied Toad.

 

2. How has DNA sequencing affected the science of classifying organisms? (1 pts)

DNA sequencing has allowed for the comparison of genes at the molecular level as opposed to physical traits at the organism level. Physical traits can be misleading when classifying how related two organisms are. DNA sequencing can also trace relatedness through generations and more accurately assess how closely related two organisms are.

 

3. You are on vacation and see an organism that you do not recognize. Discuss what possible steps you can take to classify it. (1 pts)

The organism’s physical features can be used to compare it to known organisms. Some physiological features can even possibly be used to help classify it.

 

The rest of the questions in the lab are answered as well:

 

Experiment 1: Dichotomous Key Practice

Data Tables and Post-Lab Assessment

Table 3: Dichotomous Key Results

Organism Binomial Name
i  

Selasphorus platycercus

ii  

Mus musculus

iii  

Vaccinium oxycoccos

iv  

Ramphastos vitellinus

v Quercus abla
vi  

Evathlus smithi

vii  

Helix aspersa

viii  

Taeniopygia guttata

ix  

Lonicera japonica

xi  

Oryctes nasicornis

xii  

Taeniopyga guttata

xiii  

Musa acuminata

 

Seems like was omitted, which would have been Carduelis tristis.

 

Post-Lab Questions

1.    What do you notice about the options of each step as they go from number one up?

 

 

2.    How does your answer from Question 1 relate to the Linnaean classification system?

 

Experiment 2: Classification of Organisms

Data Tables and Post-Lab Assessment

Table 2: Key Characteristics of Some Organisms

Organism Kingdom Defined Nucleus Mobile Cell Wall Photosynthesis Unicellular
E. Coli       Yes   Yes
Protozoa   Yes Yes No   Yes
Mushroom   Yes   Yes    
Sunflower   Yes Yes Yes Yes  
Bear   Yes Yes      

 

 

 

 

 

 

Post-Lab Questions

1.    Did this series of questions correctly organize each organism? Why or why not?

 

 

2.    What additional questions would you ask to further categorize the items within the kingdoms (Hint: think about other organisms in the kingdom and what makes them different than the examples used here)?

 

 

 

3.    What questions would you have asked instead of the ones that you answered about when classifying the organisms?

Lab 6: Taxonomy

ANSWER KEY

 

Pre-Lab Questions

 

1. Use the following classifications to determine which organism is least related out of the three. Explain your rationale. (1 pts)

 

 

The Eastern Newt is the least related organism out of the three. While all three are classified into the same domain, kingdom, phylum and class the Eastern Newt is in a different order than the American Green Tree Frog and the European Fire-Bellied Toad.

 

2. How has DNA sequencing affected the science of classifying organisms? (1 pts)

DNA sequencing has allowed for the comparison of genes at the molecular level as opposed to physical traits at the organism level. Physical traits can be misleading when classifying how related two organisms are. DNA sequencing can also trace relatedness through generations and more accurately assess how closely related two organisms are.

 

3. You are on vacation and see an organism that you do not recognize. Discuss what possible steps you can take to classify it. (1 pts)

The organism’s physical features can be used to compare it to known organisms. Some physiological features can even possibly be used to help classify it.

Cla

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Experiment 1: Dichotomous Key Practice Level American Green Tree

Fro  g 

European Fire-

Bellied Toadinomial Name

 Table 3: Dichotomous Key Results

(2 pts each)

Post-Lab Questions

 

1. What do you notice about the options of each step as they go from number one up. (1 pt)

The options become more and more specific.

 

2. How does your answer from question one relate to the Linnaean classification system? (1 pts)

The dichotomous key options became more and more specific as they came closer to identifying the organism just like the classification system starts as a broad category (i.e, animal kingdom) and becomes more specific until a unique species is classified (i.e., species).

 

Experiment 2: Classification of Organisms

The flow chart questions will lead you to the correct classification of the organisms into their respective kingdoms. Table 2, shown above, has an error in your lab manual–sunflowers do not have motility. Most of you saw the discrepancy and went with the answer you got from the flow chart. For the blanks in the completed table (above), that’s because those answers are variable, and not necessary to identify that organism using the given flow chart. (3 pts)

 

Post-Lab Questions

1. Did this series of questions correctly organize each organism? Why or why not? (2)

Yes. If the questions in the “tree” were answered correctly, each organism should end up in the correct kingdom.

 

2. What additional questions would you ask to further categorize the items within the domains and kingdoms (Hint: think about other organisms in the kingdom and what makes them different than the examples used here)? (2 pts)

Your answers will vary, but you should have brainstormed other organisms that belong to each domain or kingdom. For example, fish are also in the animal kingdom – how do fish differ from bears (gills instead of lungs, live in water, etc.)? What makes types of protists different from each other (shape, form of motion, etc.)?

 

 

 

3. What questions would you have asked of the ones that you answered about when classifying the organisms? (2 pts)

Answers will vary.

Example:

· Bacteria: Is it a membrane bound organelle?

· Fungi: Is it a yeast or mold?

· Plantae: Does it have a cell wall?

· Animalia: Is it multicellular?

· Protista: Is it a eukaryote, but, not an animal, plant, or fungi?

 
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Environmental Science

Date:

Instructor’s Name:

Assignment: SCIE211 Phase 3 Lab Report

Title: Sources of CO2 Emissions

Instructions: You will need to write a 1-page lab report using the scientific method centered on the known phenomena of CO2 emissions, related to the following question:

· Would you expect to see an increase or decrease in CO2 emission in the data over the past 40 years? Why?

When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted Assignment files.

Part I: In the Web site link given in the assignment description, you will see an interactive map of the world titled “GMD Measurement Locations.” You can zoom in and out and move the map around within the window. In the map, choose 5 sites that are labeled with a star, which will have CO2 concentrations. Follow the steps below to fill in the data table:

1. Click on a starred location. (One site will not have CO2 concentrations.)

2. Once the starred location opens, on the right side of the screen, click on the pictured graph “Examples of Data” for CO2.

3. Once the graph opens, make a note of the CO2 concentrations from previous years to present day. Fill in the table below.

4. Repeat steps 1–3 for all other locations.

5. Use these results in your lab report to help you assess CO2 concentration trends from 1990 to 2005.

Location Code Name of City/Country CO2 Emissions in 1990 CO2 Emissions in 2005
       
       
       
       
       

Part II: Write a 1-page lab report using the following scientific method sections:

· Purpose

· State the purpose of the lab.

· Introduction

· This is an investigation of what is currently known about the question being asked. Use background information from credible references to write a short summary about concepts in the lab. List and cite references in APA style.

· Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome

· A hypothesis is an educated guess. Based on what you have learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you expect to be the results of the lab procedures.

· Methods

· Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab. The Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers) were collected during the lab; this will be reported in the Results/Outcome section.

· Results/Outcome

· Provide here any results or data that were generated while doing the lab procedure.

· Discussion/Analysis

· In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected results, and if the outcome was as expected.

· Note: You can use the lab data to help you discuss the results and what you learned.

Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction section.

Give your paper a title and number, and identify each section as specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a 1-sentence answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to adequately explain your experiment.

When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted Assignment files.

 
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Mendelian Genetics Lab

Background

The laws of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance, discovered in the mid 19th century by Gregor Mendel, form the basis of all genetics. The ability to predict the results of crossing experiments and explain any variance between expected and observed results is still a vital part of our understanding of heredity. The relationship between the genotype and the phenotype of an organism is now understood with better clarity than it was in the early part of the 20th century. Today our ability to determine gene sequences in individual organisms and populations of organisms has allowed us to deepen our understanding of heredity. In this lab assignment you will experiment with monohybrid crosses and explore the role of chance in genetics.

 

 

I have already started the lab work

Lab Template

Week 5: Mendelian Genetics

 

Submitted by: <your name here>

 

As you complete the lab, record your answers in this template. Save the document as LastName_FirstName_BIO1020_W5A3, and submit it to the Dropbox. Full lab instructions and the rubric with which you will be evaluated can be found in the online classroom.

 

Activity

The laws of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance form the basis of all genetics. The ability to predict the results of crossing experiments and explain any variance between expected and observed results is still a vital part of our understanding of heredity. In this lab assignment you will experiment with monohybrid crosses and explore the role of chance in genetics.

 

 

Experiment 1

Questions

1. (10 points)

a. Set up and complete Punnett squares for each of the following crosses: (remember Y = yellow and y = blue)

 

· Y Y and Y y

 

    Parent 1
    Y Y
Parent 2 Y YY YY
  y Yy yy

 

 

 

 

 

· Y Y and y y

    Parent 1
    Y Y
Parent 2 Y Yy Yy
  y Yy Yy

 

 

 

 

 

b. What are the resulting phenotypes for each cross? Are there any blue kernels?

Y Y and Y y Y Y and y y
 

The resulting phenotypes is that all the offsprings are yellow because all the offspring have at least one Y (yellow, dominant) allele

 

 

 

 

 

All the offsprings are yellow

There are no blue kernels in either cross and all are yellow because the genotypes of all the kernels have at least one dominant (Y) gene which codes for yellow color.

 

 

2. (10 points)

a. Set up and complete a Punnett squarefor a cross of two of the F1 from the Y Y and y y cross above.

 

 

 

     

Parent 1

    Y Y
Parent 2 y Yy Yy
  y Yy Yy

 

 

 

 

b. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 generation?

 

 

The genotypes of offsprings are Yy (heterozygous) and their proportion is 100% If Y= yellow an y= blue, then the phenotypes of the off springs would be the characteristics of Y gene which means all the off springs will have a yellow color.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Experiment 2

Questions

As you select the beads from the beaker, complete this table with each cross. You may complete the associated Punnett Squares on paper, but do not need to submit them as part of this lab.

 

  Parents – randomly selected F1 – determined from Punnett square
Cross Genotype parent #1 Genotype parent #2 4 Genotypes 4 Phenotypes
1 yy

 

yy yy yy
2  

Yy

yY YY Yy
3  

Yy

YY YY YY
4 yY

 

yy Yy yy
5  

yy

YY Yy Yy

 

 

1. (10 points)

a. How much genotypic variation do you find in the randomly picked parents of your crosses? How much in the offspring?

 

 

Possible Genotype Parents Offspring
YY 3 4
Yy 3 10
yy 4 6
Total 10 20

 

 

 

 

 

b. How much phenotypic variation do you find in the parents of your crosses? How much in the offspring?

 

 

 

 

 

2. (10 points)

a. What is the ratio of phenotypes (yellow kernel color: blue kernel color) in the 20 offspring of your five crosses?

 

 

 

 

 

b. If you were to run this experiment 1000 times, rather than just 5 times, what would you expect the ratio of phenotypes to be in the offspring?

 

 

 

 

 

c. Is the ratio of observed phenotypes the same as the ratio of predicted phenotypes in the offspring? Why or why not?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Organisms heterozygous for a recessive trait are often called carriers of that trait. Explain what this means. (10 points)

 
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Procurement And Administration

 Built Environment

BSc Architectural Design & Technology BSc Building Surveying
BSc Construction Project Management BSc Quantity Surveying

Procurement and Administration
Coursework
Submission Deadline: Friday 24th April 16:00hrs
This assessment contributes 50% of the marks for the above module. 4000 word limit

1. BRIEF

1.1 About You

You are employed by the GMSA as independent construction procurement professional for this project.

1.2 Background

The Greater Manchester Strategic Alliance (GMSA) is a partnership of universities, colleges, work based learning providers and other stakeholders who collectively deliver a Lifelong Learning Network (LLN) and promotes the progression of vocational learners into Higher Education. GMSA have identified within their strategic plan for 2014 – 2019, the opportunities presented by recent government commitment to fund a significant increase in the delivery of Higher Apprenticeships. As a result, GMSA are consulting on the viability of a new “Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre” situated alongside the M62 Corridor in Greater Manchester. The centre will draw on the specialist skills of both the four Greater Manchester universities together with a series of local colleges

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including those in Rochdale, Oldham and Bury together with leading business organisations located in the Greater Manchester area.

Important features of the development to note:

  •   10 storey, 30,000m2 main building including 3 250 seat lecture theatres,

    30 seminar rooms, a central catering facility, Coffee shop styled area,

    office accommodation and student support areas.

  •   2 storey, 5.000m2 ‘advanced engineering’ centre, providing specialist

    engineering laboratory and workshop facilities.

  •   4 Storey, 8,000m2 central learning centre, providing student services

    including open access rooms, silent study areas, group study rooms and a

    library facility

  •   External works including infrastructure development.

    The Client requires the building to be carbon neutral. In addition, to illustrate both aspirations of both Central Government and the GMSA the facility should make a clear architectural statement and must be constructed to the highest aesthetic and qualitative standards. Value for money given the current economic climate is also a key consideration.

    The budget to cover the total development cost, inclusive of construction works, external works, statutory and professional fees is estimated to be £71 million. The completion date is critical, as the building requires handover by August 2017 at the very latest, to accommodate the new academic year.

    Title to the land is currently under negotiation. As the scheme forms part of the ‘Northern Power House’ vision, public funding (provided by the Department of Education) has been approved. Who will operate the facility on completion is yet to be decided.

    1.3 Assessment Requirements

    Task 1 (word limit 3000):

    GMSA have commissioned you to recommend the most appropriate procurement strategy to meet their requirements. They have requested that you produce a report of no more than 3000 words which provides an analysis of the key procurement issues for the organisation to consider. The report should be addressed to this client and it must provide a clear recommendation for the most appropriate procurement strategy and system to meet their requirements.

    While value for money is a key consideration given the current economic client, GMSA is also eager to embed both socio-economic and environment sustainability within their project. They are particularly concerned with the consequences of the Public Services (Social Value) Act 2012.

    You should make a justified recommendation for an appropriate procurement strategy, detailing the advantages and disadvantages for the Client of your preferred procurement strategy and system.

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It is also a requirement to identify a suitable main form of contract to match the procurement strategy and to enable the University to realise their strategic objectives.

Task 2 (word limit 1,000):

The GMSA is eager to embed both socio-economic and environment sustainability within their project. In no more than 1,000 words, as part of the same report, explain how your procurement strategy helps them to embed socio-economic sustainability into the procurement decision-making and outcomes of the project.

2. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS

FORMAT

All submissions should have a cover sheet identifying the module, the date and the student’s name and roll number. In addition to the in-text citations, all submissions shall have a reference list (and an optional bibliography), listing the sources used in the preparation of the report. [The School has adopted the Harvard system (APA 6th) as standard

LENGTH

Maximum 4,000 words report excluding references, bibliography, cover sheet or appendices (if any).

SUBMISSION

This assignment MUST be submitted electronically through Turnitin®
Further information and support for students using Turnitin can be found here:

http://www.salford.ac.uk/library/help/blackboard-and-collaborate

3. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Item

Marks

The report should provide a critical analysis of the Client 30 requirements and evaluation of appropriate parameters.

Appraisal of alternative procurement strategies and 35 systems with a justification for your recommended
strategy and system

Identifies the drivers for the client requirements for socio- 25 economic sustainability and how they can be delivered
through the project – reference to the Public Services
(Social Value Act) 2012 is necessary.

Presentation of information required for each task 10

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4. MARKING SCALE

At Undergraduate Level 4, 5 and 6 the following marking scale shall be used:

Outstanding Excellent Very good Good

Fair
Adequate Unsatisfactory Poor
Very poor Extremely poor

90% – 100% 80% – 89% 70% – 79% 60% – 69% 50% – 59% 40% – 49% 30% – 39% 20% – 29% 10% – 19%

0% – 9%

5. LEARNING OUTCOMES ADDRESSED

Critically evaluate client objectives and determine the appropriate selection of procurement systems

Analyse project objectives under time, cost and quality, sustainability issues Use techniques such as procurement matrices to assist in decision making Develop an understanding regarding the selection of appropriate contract forms Appreciate issues and implications in connection with contractor selection Develop skills in report writing

Develop skills in procurement research

6. RETURN & FEEDBACK ARRANGEMENTS

Coursework marks and feedback will be available within 15 working days of your submission and will be loaded into Blackboard.

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IMPORTANT INFORMATION I. OBLIGATION TO KEEP COPIES OF ALL WORK

Students MUST keep a spare copy of all work which they hand in as well as the receipt which is issued to them at the time of submission.

II. PROVISIONAL NATURE OF MARKS & GRADES

All marks and grades issued to students are provisional until ratified by examination boards.

III. LAST DATE FOR SUBMISSIONS

Submissions made after 16:00hrs on the fourth working day following submission will be deemed inadmissible and recorded as a non-submission.

IV. ELECTRONIC SUBMISSIONS

If the submission document file up-loaded to Blackboard is corrupt and cannot be viewed – This is classed as a NON submission. It is the responsibility of the student to ensure their submission material can be opened by others.

To ensure your submission can be opened please follow this simple step:

Go back to the submission area and the blue button that was labelled Submit will now be a button labelled View – select this button and what you see upon doing so will be the file/format that your Lecturer can see. If you can open and view the document then so can the lecturer.

V. PENALTIES FOR LATE SUBMISSION

Where coursework is submitted late, the following penalties shall be applied to the mark:

(a) if the work is no more than four working days late, then five marks shall be deducted for each working day (08:30-16:00 Mon- Thursday or part thereof) , but if the work would otherwise pass then the mark for the work shall be reduced to no lower than the pass mark for the component

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(b) if the work is no more than four working days late and marked and the mark is lower than the pass mark, then no penalty shall be applied;

(c) if the work is more than four working days late then it cannot be submitted and shall be recorded as a non-submission (NS).

VI. ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT

The University takes a serious view of all acts of academic misconduct. Such acts are considered dishonest and as attempts to gain unfair advantage. Acts of academic misconduct can take many forms. They are likely to fall into one or more of the following categories:

  1. a)  Plagiarism
    Plagiarism involves taking the work of another person or source and using it as if it were one’s own.
  2. b)  Self plagiarism
    Self plagiarism (or double submission) is resubmitting previously submitted work on one or more occasions (without proper acknowledgement). This may take the form of copying either the whole piece of work or part of it. Normally credit will already have been given for this work.
  3. c)  Collusion
    Collusion occurs when, unless with official approval (e.g. in the case of group projects), two or more students consciously collaborate in the preparation and production of work which is ultimately submitted by each in an identical, or substantially similar, form and/or is represented by each to be the product of his or her individual efforts. Collusion also occurs where there is unauthorised co-operation between a student and another person in the preparation and production of work which is presented
    as the student’s own.
  4. d)  Falsifying experimental or other investigative results
    This could involve a range of things that make it appear that information has been collected by scientific investigation, the compilation of questionnaire results etc whereas in reality it has been made up or altered to provide a more favourable result.
  5. e)  Taking unauthorised material (including electronic devices) into an examination
  6. f)  Contracting another to write a piece of assessed work / Writing a piece of assessed work for another
    This involves any means whereby a person does work on behalf of another. It includes assessments done for someone else in full or in part by a fellow student, a friend or family member. It includes sitting an

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g) h)

VII.

a)

examination for someone else. It also covers obtaining material from internet ‘cheat sites’ or other sources of work. Penalties for this type of unfair means will normally apply both to a student of the University who does work on behalf of another and a student of the University who has work done for him/her.

Copying from, or communicating with, another examination candidate during an examination

Bribery
This involves giving money, gifts or any other advantage to an academic member of staff which is intended to give an unfair advantage in an assessment exercise.

Particular care should be taken in respect of the following:

Getting help from others / helping others

Students are encouraged to discuss and share ideas and information, however those who knowingly assist others to commit academic misconduct whether or not for payment (e.g. by giving another student the opportunity to copy part or all of a piece of work, by providing copies of assessments or by providing bespoke assignments to another student) will be subject to the same penalties as those who use unfair means. Students must ensure that they protect their own work, submit it themselves and do not allow other students to use their memory stick and/or print off work on their behalf.

b) Use of Readers/Note Takers

Students with special learning requirements who require the services of readers or note takers are advised to use appropriately trained individuals. Further advice can be obtained from the Disability Service Team within Student Life Directorate. http://www.advice.salford.ac.uk/disability

c) Referencing

Students using work which has been produced by other people within an assignment will need to ensure that they acknowledge or reference the source of the work. Students should check with their Schools for particular requirements. Marks may be deducted for poor referencing. If poor referencing is extensive throughout a piece of work it could appear that the student is trying to claim credit for the work and he/she may be deemed to have committed plagiarism. Guidance on good referencing practice is available from Schools or may be provided through research training programmes, the Study Skills Programme located in Student Life and on-line guidance provided by Information & Learning Services. Some useful resources are: http://www.advice.salford.ac.uk/

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Penalties

If satisfied that unfair means has occurred, a penalty will be imposed on the student. Penalties vary depending on whether the matter is referred to the School Academic Misconduct Panel or the University Disciplinary Committee and on the particular circumstances. A range of penalties may be imposed including:

  • –  A penalty of 0% for the assessment component attempted using unfair means;
  • –  A penalty of 0% for the module affected by unfair means;
  • –  A penalty of 0% for the module affected by unfair means and the marks of all other modules at that academic level being capped at the pass mark

    (40% for undergraduates, 50% for post graduates).

    In the most severe cases, where there are aggravating factors (e.g. that this is a repeated case of the use of unfair means by a student at an advanced stage in their studies), a student found guilty of using unfair means may be permanently expelled from the University.

    Further details of the Academic Misconduct procedure are available from:

    http://www.governance.salford.ac.uk/page/student_policies

    Pre-submission checklist

    Before submitting your assessment; ask yourself the following questions, just to be sure you’ve met all the requirements:

  •   Have I correctly referenced all the sources which I have used?
  •   Have I used Turnitin to check my referencing and bibliography so that my

    tutor knows where I have found all my information?

  •   Have I completed the assignment within the word limit and/or stated my

    word count?

  •   Have I used a spell checker and proof read my work?

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