I. Background: OSHA Standards

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answer the questions in section III. Be sure you read the complete directions for preparing your case study

 

 

I. Background: OSHA Standards and Bubba’s Materials Handling Equipment, Inc. Bubba’s Materials Handling Equipment is a small corporation that employs between 38 and 55 employees throughout any given year. This firm manufactures materials handling equipment that includes small cantilever racks; hand trucks, some specially designed for moving 55-gallon drums; and various dollies commonly used in the manufacturing sector. The facility was built in 1958 and is roughly 80,000 square feet. The firm receives raw materials in the form of round metal tubing, sheet metal, square tubing, and cold and hot rolled metal rods. Raw materials are removed from flatbed trailers using a large LP-gas-powered forklift with the assistance of smaller LPgas-powered forklifts. These materials are stored in racks in the receiving department. From there, raw materials are moved via forklift and various heavy duty carts to the fabrication department. This department cuts, punches, bends, copes, and shears the various materials into parts used to make the final product. The metal fabrication equipment includes two iron workers, two 70-ton part revolution mechanical power punch presses, three 250-ton part revolution press brakes, a 300-ton hydraulic press, two pipe benders, a 12-foot shear, a 10-foot shear, a mill for milling a bevel on hand truck toe plates, several off-hand grinders, and two large drill presses. The fabrication department can get quite noisy for days at a time (>85dBa), especially when making cantilever racks. Two maintenance employees keep these machines running. After being cut, punched, bent, and formed, fabricated parts go to the welding department or the Work in Process (WIP) crib. WIP includes a mezzanine and an area populated with pallet racks for storage. In the welding department, there are 12 MIG welding machines that are used by welders to assemble the parts into the pre-finished items manufactured by the firm. The welders also use an assortment of hand-held grinders and an oxyacetylene torch. Once welded, items either go in their pre-finished condition into inventory or are further processed by the painting department. Pre-finished items that are inventoried are taken to one of two mezzanines or placed in storage racks. In the painting department, items are wiped down with various solvents and hung on an overhead hook conveyor. Items go into the paint booth where they are painted using various enamels. Xylenes and toluene are common solvents used in this operation. The paints also contain these solvents. After painting, axles and wheels are applied, and the completed products are boxed or, depending on their size, loaded directly on trucks without packaging. Larger items, such as racks, are loaded onto flatbeds using an unmanned overhead crane controlled by a pendant control. Smaller items are typically loaded onto standard semi-trailers using batterypowered forklifts or pallet jacks.

 

II. The Scenario: You have been hired by Bubba himself to put together a safety program for the company. Essentially, the company has no safety programs and has never really conducted any kind of hazard assessment.

 

III. Questions:

1. Identify 15 of what you consider the highest priority standards that are likely to apply to this operation. Include the code number for the standard, and describe a hazard demonstrating why the standard applies (e.g., Industrial Ventilation, 1910.94. The company has a paint booth that controls paint and solvent vapors).

 

2. Identify four important written programs this company is required to have (keep in mind that not all standards require that you develop a written program or SOP of some sort; although, many companies develop such SOPs regardless). Explain why you believe they are required to have these written programs.

 

3. Identify five standards that this company is required to provide training for, and briefly describe why this training is required.

 

Prepare your response to the questions listed in a properly formatted APA document. The completed paper should be arranged in the appropriate questions/sections identified above. Single-spacing may be used. Please make sure that you have addressed all questions in a full and detailed manner. Include a correctly formatted APA title and reference page. Remember to cite all sources used.

 
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Microbiology Lab Report- Gram Staining, Simple Staining, Negative Staining

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1. Do a search online 1-2 antibiotics that affect Gram-positive bacteria and list them. On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? List one or two antibiotics that affect Gram-negative bacteria? On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? (Be sure to cite your sources in your answer.) (5 points)

2. Why do you think it is important to identify a bacterial disease in a patient before prescribing any antibiotic treatments? (Be specific.) (5 points)

3.   What are some of the limitations of simple staining? (5 points)

4.   Give an example of a situation in a lab or medical setting in which simple staining would be utilized. (5 points)

5.   So far in this lab, you have used one type of simple stain(Crystal violet) and one type of negative stain (Nigrosin), yet there are many other simple and negative dyes available. Pick one simple dye and one negative dye, and discuss how those dyes differ from the ones you used in this lab. Give a scenario in which their use would be appropriate. (5 points)

6. Using either a textbook or a reputable online resource, research some of the typical characteristics of bacteria, and discuss why it might be important for a researcher or a hospital technician to be able to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (5 points)

Structure and Microscopy

 

 

Lab 4: Structure and Microscopy (100 points)

 

Student Name:

Student ID:

Course ID:

-Each question on the lab worksheet must be answered completely, thoroughly, in complete sentences and correctly in order to be considered for full credit

-If the question asks you to do research or find a source, a reputable, credible and/or scholarly source citation must be included in order to be considered for full credit

-If a math formula is required to arrive to an answer, work must be shown otherwise, no credit will be awarded

 

Pre-Lab Questions

1. What determines if a bacterial cell is Gram-positive or Gram-negative? (5 points)

Amount and location of the peptidoglycan molecule in the prokaryotic cell wall determines whether a bacterial cell is Gram-positive or Gram-negative.

 

2. In this lab, both viruses and prions were introduced as acellular organisms. Do some research and describe one other type of acellular organism. What characteristics about this organism classify it as acellular? (5 points)

Viroids are another type of acellular organism along with viruses and prions. They are plant pathogens, which consist only of a short strand of circular RNA capable of self-replication.

 

3. Bacteria have many different shapes that often determine their class. Research and form a hypothesis on the evolutionary reasons for so many different bacterial morphologies. (5 points)

Each bacterial morphology may be a selectable feature to aid survival and may have affected by different physical, environmental, and biological forces to contribute to natural selection.

Reference:

Young, K. D. (2006, September). The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape. Retrieved September 30, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1594593/

 

4. Do a search online or look in your textbook for 1-2 antibiotics that affect Gram-positive bacteria and list them. On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? List one or two antibiotics that affect Gram-negative bacteria? On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? (Be sure to cite your sources in your answer.) (5 points)

 

5. Why do you think it is important to identify a bacterial disease in a patient before prescribing any antibiotic treatments? (Be specific.) (5 points)

d

 

Experiment 1 Results Tables

Table 1: Experiment 1 Staining Observations (5 points)

 

 

Stain used:  

Crystal Violet
Observations: Purple rod-shape bacteria with white background were observed

 

 

 

 

Experiment 1 Post-Lab Questions

1. How does crystal violet enhance the visualization of microbial features? (5 points)

Crystal violet enhances the contrast between the microorganism itself and the slide, making the bacteria appear as purple.

 

2. What are some of the limitations of simple staining? (5 points)

 

 

3. Give an example of a situation in a lab or medical setting in which simple staining would be utilized. (5 points)

Simple staining is used to obtain basic information about morphology of one type of microorganism through clear visualization.

Experiment 2 Results Tables

Table 2: Experiment 2 Staining Observations (5 points)

 

 

Stain used:  

Nigrosin
Observations: Background is stained, bacteria shows up as clear spiral.

 

 

 

Experiment 2 Post-Lab Questions

1. After visualizing the stained samples either using your microscope or by looking at the sample images provided, describe what physical/visual characteristics you were able to observe after performing the negative staining vs. after performing the simple stain. (5 points)

After looking at the sample images provided, negatively stained bacteria showed up as clear straight spirals against a dark background. Bacteria that are simple stained showed up as dark purple rods-shaped with white background.

 

2. So far in this lab, you have used one type of simple stain and one type of negative stain, yet there are many other simple and negative dyes available. Pick one simple dye and one negative dye, and discuss how those dyes differ from the ones you used in this lab. Give a scenario in which their use would be appropriate. (5 points)

Methylene blue is another dye that can be used for negative stain.

India Ink is another type of negative stain.

 

 

Experiment 3 Results Tables

 

Table 3: Experiment 3 Staining Observations (5 points)

Stain used:  

Crystal violet (primary stain) & Safranin (counterstain)
Observations:  

Gram-positive appeared as purple and Gram-negative showed up as pink.

 

 

Experiment 3 Post-Lab Questions

1. What color are the Gram-positive bacteria after Gram staining? Gram-negative bacteria? (5 points)

Gram-positive bacteria appear as dark purple or blue due to retaining the primary dye (Crystal Violet) in the cell wall.

Gram-negative bacteria appear as red or pink due to decolorizing to accept the counterstain (Safranin).

2. What different characteristic(s) exist between the two groups that account for the different staining conditions? (5 points)

Gram-positive bacteria are stained purple, and gram-negative bacteria stain as pink. They are two distinct morphological groups of bacteria.

3. Why was the Gram iodine added to the Gram staining procedure? (5 points)

Gram iodine is added as a mordant to stabilize the crystal violet iodine complex so that the dye cannot be removed easily.

 

4. Why is a counterstain (safranin) added to the Gram staining procedure? (5 points)

A counterstain is used to help identify gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria lose the crystal violet and stain red.

 

5. What are the advantages of performing a Gram stain vs. a simple stain for visualizing bacteria? (5 points)

Gram stain contains two or more different stains and can differentiate the species of bacteria into two main groups (gram-positive and gram-negative) by looking at the color of cells (pink or purple). Simple stain involves single stain and it is used to easily determine cell shape, size, and arrangement.

 

6. Using either a textbook or a reputable online resource, research some of the typical characteristics of bacteria, and discuss why it might be important for a researcher or a hospital technician to be able to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (5 points)

 

7. Did you experience any technical difficulties or atypical results during this experiment? If so, what happened, and how could you avoid these issues in the future? (5 points)

 
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Human Health And Environment

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EESA10 Human Health and the Enviroment Due Monday, February 9th, at 5 pm SHARP dropboxes located outside SW511A

NAME: Student #: T.A. Surnames

(circle) Peter Quincy Ng Abu-Mannu

Use a word processor (i.e. typed). No title page (use header instead) print on both sides to save paper. Amandeep Saini Mayaran-Sorak

Assignments should have top/bottom 1.8cm margins, right/left 1cm margins, single spaced, and 12 point font Steven Huryn Sritharan-Zou

NB: Please answer each question separately, i.e. parts A, B, C should be three different paragraphs, and not one Please hand-in your assignment according to the TA

Late assignments will not be accepted without a doctor’s note. corresponding to your order of your surname

Late assignments should go into the dropbox.

Inadequate Marginal Adequate Good Excellent

1A.Identifying the major sources of community water supply 0 0.5 1

1B. Identifying water use per sector 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Reference 0 1

1C. Identifying Municipal Water Prices and Conservation Significance 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

1D. Pros and Cons of Bottled Water Use 0 1.5 3 4 5

Reference 0 1

TOTAL for question 1: _________out of 12

Inadequate Marginal Adequate Good Excellent

2. Interpretation of DDT Use and Recommendations: 5 reasons 0 1.5 3 4 5 Reference 0 1

TOTAL for question 2: _________out of 6

Inadequate Marginal Adequate Good Excellent

3. Recommendation and reasons on reporting back the results:3 reasons 0 1.5 3 4 5

Reference 0 1

TOTAL for question 3: _________out of 6

TOTAL OVERALL FOR ASSIGNMENT _______ out of 24

Additional Comments:

Assignment 1

EESA10 Human Health and the Enviroment Due Monday, February 9th, at 5 pm SHARP dropboxes located outside SW511A

NAME: Student #: T.A. Surnames

(circle) Peter Quincy Ng Abu-Mannu

Use a word processor (i.e. typed). No title page (use header instead) print on both sides to save paper. Amandeep Saini Mayaran-Sorak

Assignments should have top/bottom 1.8cm margins, right/left 1cm margins, single spaced, and 12 point font Steven Huryn Sritharan-Zou

NB: Please answer each question separately, i.e. parts A, B, C should be three different paragraphs, and not one Please hand-in your assignment according to the TA

Late assignments will not be accepted without a doctor’s note. corresponding to your order of your surname

Late assignments should go into the dropbox.

Inadequate Marginal Adequate Good Excellent

1A.Identifying the major sources of community water supply 0 0.5 1

1B. Identifying water use per sector 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Reference 0 1

1C. Identifying Municipal Water Prices and Conservation Significance 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

1D. Pros and Cons of Bottled Water Use 0 1.5 3 4 5

Reference 0 1

TOTAL for question 1: _________out of 12

Inadequate Marginal Adequate Good Excellent

2. Interpretation of DDT Use and Recommendations: 5 reasons 0 1.5 3 4 5 Reference 0 1

TOTAL for question 2: _________out of 6

Inadequate Marginal Adequate Good Excellent

3. Recommendation and reasons on reporting back the results:3 reasons 0 1.5 3 4 5

Reference 0 1

TOTAL for question 3: _________out of 6

TOTAL OVERALL FOR ASSIGNMENT _______ out of 24

Additional Comments:

Assignment 1

 
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Advanced Industrial Hygiene Question

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Damiano, J. (1995). Quantitative exposure assessment strategies and data in the Aluminum Company of America. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 10(4) 289-298. doi 10.1080/1047322X.1995.10389038

Using APA format, critique this article according to the outline specified below. Your response is expected to be two to three pages, double spaced (excluding the title page) in APA format, and should include at least the following components:

ï‚· Introduction

ï‚· Discussion of Article (scope/content)

ï‚· Evaluation of Research Methods

ï‚· Conclusion

Your critique should include answers to the following three questions:

1. The author of the article discusses two types of exposure assessments: qualitative and quantitative. Why is it

important to include a qualitative assessment as part of a workplace exposure assessment program?

2. Why is data management an important part of a workplace exposure assessment program?

3. Was the author’s conclusion well supported within his paper?

Damiano, J. (1995). Quantitative exposure assessment strategies and data in the Aluminum Company of America. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 10(4) 289-298. doi 10.1080/1047322X.1995.10389038

 

Using APA format, critique this article according to the outline specified below. Your response is expected to be two to three pages, double spaced (excluding the title page) in APA format, and should include at least the following components:

ï‚· Introduction

ï‚· Discussion of Article (scope/content)

ï‚· Evaluation of Research Methods

ï‚· Conclusion

Your critique should include answers to the following three questions:

1. The author of the article discusses two types of exposure assessments: qualitative and quantitative. Why is it

important to include a qualitative assessment as part of a workplace exposure assessment program?

2. Why is data management an important part of a workplace exposure assessment program?

3. Was the author’s conclusion well supported within his paper?

 
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