UMUC Biology 102/103 Lab 6: Taxonomy

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Full Name:

 

 

UMUC Biology 102/103

Lab 6: Taxonomy

INSTRUCTIONS:

 

·         On your own and without assistance, complete this Lab 6 Answer Sheet electronically and submit it via the Assignments Folder by the date listed in the Course Schedule (under Syllabus).

·         To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the Laboratory Manual located under Course Content. Read the introduction and the directions for each exercise/experiment carefully before completing the exercises/experiments and answering the questions.

·         Save your Lab 6 Answer Sheet in the following format:  LastName_Lab6 (e.g., Smith_Lab6).

·         You should submit your document as a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) file for best compatibility.

 

Pre-Lab Questions

 

  1. Use the following classifications to determine which organism is least related out of the three. Explain your rationale.
Table 2: Classifications
  Classification Level American Green Tree Frog European Fire- Bellied Toad Eastern Newt
Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Amphibia Amphibia Amphibia
Order Anura Anura Caudata
Family Hylidae Bombinatoridae Salamandridae
Genus Tursipops Bombina Notophthalmus
Species cinerea bombina viridescens

 

 

  1. How has DNA sequencing affected the science of classifying organisms?

 

 

 

 

  1. You are on vacation and see an organism that you do not recognize. Discuss what possible steps you can take to classify it.

 

 

Exercise 1: Dichotomous Key Practice

 

Table 3: Dichotomous Key Results
Organism Binomial Name
i  
ii  
iii  
iv  
v  
vi  
vii  
viii  
ix  
x  
xi  
xii  
xiii  

 

 

Post-Lab Questions

1.    What do you notice about the options of each step as they go from number one up?

 

 

2.    How does your answer from Question 1 relate to the Linnaean classification system?

 

 

 

Exercise 2: Classification of Organisms

Data Tables and Post-Lab Assessment

Table 2: Key Characteristics of Some Organisms

Organism Kingdom  

Domain

 Defined Nucleus Motile Cell Wall Photosynthesis Unicellular
E. coli         Yes   Yes
Protozoa     Yes Yes     Yes
Mushroom     Yes   Yes    
Sunflower     Yes   Yes Yes  
Bear     Yes Yes      

 

lab006fig004
Figure 4:Exercise 2 – Classification of Organisms Flow Chart

 

 

Post-Lab Questions

 

1.    Did this series of questions correctly organize each organism? Why or why not?

 

2.    What additional questions would you ask to further categorize the items within the kingdoms (Hint: think about other organisms in each of the kingdoms and what makes them different than the examples used here)?

 

 

3.    What questions would you have asked instead of the ones that you answered above when classifying the organisms?

 
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Lab: RNA

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Lab: RNA

In this lab, you will learn about the types of RNA molecules and you will study the details of transcription and translation.

Objectives:

Learn about the types of RNA molecules produced by cells.
Study the details of transcription and translation.

Time Requirements:

This lab should take two hours to complete.

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RNA Lab Report

If a codon is mutated, say from GGU to CGU, is the same amino acid specified? _______

Using information from the course and online research, answer the questions.

Searching Websites:

Conduct a keyword search to find websites. To begin a keyword search, start by searching broad terms such as RNA, transcription, translation, or the scientist’s name. The resulting list of websites can give you a lot of information, but how do you know if it is reliable? Some basic guidelines can help you when you open a website and try to determine its reliability.

Always consider a site’s:

· Objectivity – Excessive expressions of emotion, opinions, and stereotyping are tip-offs that the information on a site may be biased.

· Ownership and contributors – Go to the Home or About page of the website and find out who sponsors and writes for the site. Look for contributors who have reliable credentials, such as “Harvey Jones, Professor, University of Wisconsin—Madison.”

· Writing style and mechanics – Check the grammar, spelling, and writing style on the site. Errors and awkwardness are signs of a nonprofessional website.

· Currency – Look for publication or copyright dates associated with the site; the more current the better.

· Links – What links does the site contain? A reliable website will offer links to other reliable websites, not to “junk” sites.

Keyword Search: RNA, transcription, translation, or the scientist’s name.

Scientific Analysis:

1. Scientists use observations and inferences for many discoveries and conclusions in genetics. What is the difference between an observation and an inference? Give an example of each.

2. If DNA from a cell is placed in a test tube containing the enzyme DNA polymerase and nucleotides, the result is new copies of the original DNA. This evidence was used to understand DNA replication (DNA passing information from one generation to the next). Write an explanation detailing why this clue represents solid data and is not an opinion or an inference.

3. In your own words, describe Crick’s Central Dogma. Explain why this is an inference.

Scientific Contributions

There were many scientists that contributed to decoding the genetic code. Explore the contributions of some scientists.

4. Describe Marshall Nirenberg’s contribution to determining the role of RNA in genetics.

5. Describe how Seymour Benzer’s phage experiments contributed to deciphering the genetic code.

6. Describe Seymour Brenner’s contribution to cracking the genetic code with respect to translation.

Replication, Transcription, and Translation

Place an x in the box for which process each item is a characteristic.

Characteristic Replication Transcription Translation
1. RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA double helix.      
2.  This is the first part of protein synthesis.      
3. After the stop codon is reached, the protein is separated from the ribosome.      
4. Amino acids sequences are made from RNA sequences.      
5. A copy of RNA is made from DNA.      
6. Peptide bonds form between amino acids.      
7. Uracil hydrogen bonds with adenine.      
8. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.      
9. Copies of the original DNA are made.      
10.  Thymine hydrogen bonds with adenine.      

 

7. Use the table and your research to compare and contrast transcription and translation.

8. In your own words, explain the function of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

9. Use the codon chart to convert this sequence into an amino acid:

UCU-CGA-GCC-GUU-GGG-UGA

10. Explain why an mRNA strand composed of only uracil nucleotides (UUUUUUUUUU) did conclusively prove that the DNA code was a triplet code.

11. How could this mRNA sequence support a triplet code? ACACACACACAC

12. List the steps involved in protein synthesis, beginning with the DNA code in the nucleus and ending with a polypeptide. Try to explain it in 10 steps.

13. A mutation in a codon may not result in a change of an amino acid in the protein sequence. Explain why, using the genetic code chart to give an example.

© KC Distance Learning

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Sustainable Home Creation

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Sustainable Home Creation

Name:

This worksheet is to show how you will create a more sustainable home. The key is to defend your choices with facts and citing your sources, you do not need to choose a single family home. Cite sources!

  Current Future Improvements
Described your indoor living space (i.e., square feet)  

 

  
Describe the location of your home and why it would be the best for you. Make sure to address: climate, geography, rural/urban/or suburban.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  
3 materials in your home and how they can be more sustainable. 1)

2)

3)

 1)

 

2)

 

3)

 
Energy use What are 3 things that use the most energy in your home?

1)

2)

3)

 How can you decrease your energy consumption?

1)

 

 

2)

 

 

 

3)

 
Water use What are 3 things that use the most water in your home?

1)

2)

3)

 How can you decrease your water consumption?

1)

 

 

2)

 

 

 

3)

 

 

 

References use (you should have at least 3)

 

 

 

Resources to help get you started:

1) Read the weekly reading in the textbook

2) Id climate based on state then closest city:

https://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/united-states/us

3) Learn more about sustainable materials:

https://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/construction/green/10-cutting-edge-building-materials.htm

© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

 
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A+ Answers Biology

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The Merrell drug company that tried to bring thalidomide to the United States also marketed a cholesterol inhibitor with serious side effects for 5,000 people. Two Merrell employees were fined $80,000 and the company made an $18 million profit. What had the company done wrong?
A. Substituted the results for a tested drug for an untested drug
B. Forged signatures on test reports
C. Failed to disclose that the drug caused blindness in lab animals
D. Testified that testing had been done when it had not
Question 2
A criticism of the caveat emptor doctrine is:
A. too much government regulation.
B. reduced profit for businesses.
C. it hurts consumers by raising prices.
D. latent defects.
Question 3
Some of the worst con artists practice their craft based on meteorological events. These are known as ________ con artists.
A. event
B. disaster
C. weather
D. special occasion
Question 4
The term laissez faire refers to the concept that:
A. governments should not interfere with free markets.
B. consumers should be protected from fraud artists.
C. buyers should be aware of offers that sound too good to be true.
D. marketers should be fair to consumers.
Question 5
The following companies have all been accused of fraud involving car problems and possible solutions EXCEPT:
A. Ford.
B. Kmart.
C. Goodyear.
D. Firestone.
Question 6
The telemarketing scam which relies on use of a certain area code to make money just from phone calls is _____ calls.
A. 777
B. 900
C. 666
D. 888

Question 7
The Food and Drug Administration has cited evidence that nicotine is an addictive drug 5 to 10 times more potent than:
A. cocaine.
B. crack.
C. heroin.
D. marijuana.
Question 8
Telemarketers target all of the following groups EXCEPT:
A. family members of AIDS victims.
B. the bereaved.
C. those worried about dependence on foreign oil.
D. college students living away from home for the first time.
Question 9
Ford decided that repairs would not be cost effective, based on a comparison of total repair costs for all Pintos and:
A. statistical likelihood of plaintiffs winning lawsuits.
B. profit margin for the Pinto automobile.
C. total of Pinto projected sales.
D. total of average lawsuit settlements for serious burn injuries and burn deaths.
Question 10
Tobacco companies have used specific marketing campaigns with flavored cigarettes, new packages, and posters at fast food restaurants to target:
A. Hispanics.
B. African Americans.
C. women.
D. teenagers.
Question 11
A boiler room might be characterized by:
A. telephones.
B. well-dressed salesmen.
C. support personnel.
D. fancy furniture.
Question 12
In 1999, Susan Collins described the predatory practices of sweepstakes companies as “increasingly deceptive and increasingly aggressive.” She made these remarks:
A. as chairman of a Senate committee.
B. during a television news magazine segment.
C. in testimony before a Congressional committee.
D. in a nationally syndicated newspaper column.

Question 13
Despite inadequate testing, H.R. Robins marketed __________, which caused death, birth defects, miscarriages, and blindness in infants.
A. the intrauterine birth control device
B. the diaphragm
C. birth control pills
D. the birth control patch
Question 14
Fen-phen, Bendectin, and thalidomide were all approved by the FDA and prescribed to patients. Which one of these drugs is alleged to cause valvular heart disease?
A. Thalidomide
B. Bendectin and thalidomide
C. Bendectin
D. Fen-phen
Question 15
American Family Publishers used all of the following techniques to trick entrants EXCEPT:
A. free merchandise.
B. small print.
C. YOU’RE OUR NEWEST $12 MILLION WINNER.
D. backgrounds that made print difficult to read.
Question 16
A practice known as dumping involves:
A. disposal of hazardous materials in unapproved sites.
B. selling dangerous products in foreign countries after a domestic ban.
C. donating unsafe products to charities for a tax deduction.
D. selling products to discount outlets when defects are discovered.
Question 17
Five to 10% of all minutes logged on the telephone time scams are concentrated in:
A. psychic hotlines.
B. music sales.
C. work-at-home offers.
D. sex lines.
Question 18
Pursuant to an agreement, American Family Publishers agreed to eliminate which slogan from its advertising:
A. “Win! Win! Win!”
B. No Purchase Necessary
C. “Millions in Prizes!”
D. “You’re Our Next Winner!”
Question 19
The number one consumer complaint concerning fraud involves:
A. refinance loans.
B. home improvement.
C. auto repair.
D. telemarketing.
Question 20
__________ of the most dangerous problems that led to recalls of children’s products were never voluntarily reported to the government.
A. 75%
B. 60%
C. 50%
D. 25%

 
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