Name:       Sec:

 

Chapter 3: The Cell, The Fundamental Unit of Life

 

Module 3.5 The nucleus houses DNA packaged as chromosomes.

 

1. The       houses the majority of a cell’s DNA.

 

2. Complete the following diagram of a nucleus:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. You are a biologist looking at samples of pond water. Using a microscope to investigate your samples, you identify a cell with a nucleus. Briefly explain how you know immediately that this is not a prokaryote. Additionally, without further investigation, would you be able to determine if it was a plant or animal cell?

 

4. Complete the following table regarding the nucleus:

	Nuclear Envelope	Nuclear Pores	Nucleolus	Nucleus
Function

 

 

5. Complete the following diagram that illustrates that relationship between DNA, chromatin, and chromosomes:

A

 

C

B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a. 

b. 

c. 

 

Module 3.6 Several organelles participate in the production of proteins.

 

6. True or False; If false make it a true statement: DNA controls the functions of a cell by performing all of those functions itself.

 

7.       is the process by which an RNA copy is made from DNA.

 

8. You discover a new drug that blocks the movement of substances through the nuclear pores of the nucleus. Would you drug affect transcription, translation, or both? Briefly explain your answer.

 

9. From the information in question 8, would your drug have any effect on bacteria? Briefly explain your answer either way.

 

10. In transcription, DNA is to RNA as       it to       in translation.

 

11. Insulin is a protein hormone that is released into the bloodstream from cells in your pancreas. Which of the following organelles is responsible for its export from the cell:

a. |_| ribosomes

b. |_| endoplasmic reticulum

c. |_| golgi apparatus

d. |_| nucleus

 

12. Complete the following table regarding the involvement of organelles in protein synthesis:

	Endoplasmic reticulum	Ribosomes	Golgi Apparatus	Vesicles
Function

 

13. You expect cells that are responsible for the synthesis of hormones (like testosterone) to be rich in which of the following:

a. |_| ribosomes

b. |_| rough endoplasmic reticulum

c. |_| smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. |_| golgi apparatus

 

 

14. Label the following diagram, which is an overview of protein synthesis:

I

H

G

F

E

D

C

B

A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a.       f.

b.       g.

c.       h.

d.       i.

e. 

 

Module 3.7 Chloroplasts and mitochondria provide energy to the cell.

 

15. True or False; If false, make a true statement: An animal cell contains chloroplasts and mitochondria.

 

16. Plants use       to power the production of sugar.

 

17. The process of photosynthesis occurs primarily in a plant’s leaves. What organelle (related to photosynthesis) would you expect to be present in the cell of a plant’s leaves?

a. |_| ribosomes

b. |_| chloroplasts

c. |_| nucleus

d. |_| mitochondria

18. Complete the following diagram of a chloroplast:

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19. What happens to the CO2 you release as a result of cellular respiration?

 

20. Complete the following diagram of a mitochondria:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21. CO2 is to       as       is to cellular respiration.

 

22. Briefly explain how animals and plants work to cycle the elements carbon and oxygen through an ecosystem.

 

23. Complete the following table comparing chloroplasts and mitochondria:

	Mitochondria	Chloroplasts
Similarities
Differences

 

 

Module 3.8 Various cellular organelles provide storage, movement, and shape.

 

24.       are organelles that can store water, nutrients, toxins, or fat.

 

25. True or False, If false make it a true statement: Cilia are more numerous than flagella.

 

26. Any drug that inhibits the function of flagella likely affects what cellular function?

 

27. Complete the following table regarding organelles:

	Vacuole	Cilia	Flagellum	Cell Wall	Cytoskeleton
Function

 

28. Certain human cells are highly motile, which means they can move throughout the tissues of your body. Other than a flagellum or cilia, what other organelle is directly involved in a cell moving through your tissues?

 

29. Which of the following is responsible for providing a connection that holds cells together:

a. |_| cell wall

b. |_| vacuole

c. |_| flagellum

d. |_| extracellular matrix

 

30. Label the diagram below, which illustrates the nucleus and cytoskeleton of a human cell

 

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QuestionPart 1 of 1 –
Question 1 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following people is INCORRECTLY matched with his/her environmental contribution?
A.Rachel Carson: Silent Spring
B.John Muir: Sierra Club
C.Paul Ehrlich: The Population Bomb
D.Theodore Roosevelt: Civilian Conservation Corps
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 2 of 25
4.0 Points
DDT was sprayed in a Long Island salt marsh over a period of years for mosquito control. A portion of the food web is as follows:
algae -> shrimp-> American eel -> Atlantic needlefish -> ring-billed gull
In which organism would biological magnification be MOST evident?
A.American eel
B.Ring-billed gull
C.Algae
D.Shrimp
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 3 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following statements about biogeochemical cycles is true?
A.They only include processes conducted by or within living organisms.
B.They pertain only to the abiotic environment.
C.They describe the movement of water and other materials through an ecosystem.
D.They only pertain to exchanges and interactions that occur within the atmosphere.
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 4 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following would be a symptom of acute toxicity?
A.asthma
B.arthritis
C.dizziness
D.cancer
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 5 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following series is organized in successive steps according to the levels of organization used by ecologists?
A.population -> ecosystem -> community
B.population -> community -> ecosystem
C.species -> community -> biosphere
D.species -> ecosystem -> population
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 6 of 25
4.0 Points
Corporations and governments began to take NEPA seriously after which of the following events?
A.Further legislation was added to strengthen NEPA.
B.The publication of Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring.
C.The creation of the EPA.
D.Environmental groups began suing individuals and organizations based on environmental impact statements.
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 7 of 25
4.0 Points
This figure BEST illustrates:

Graphic
A.how our atmosphere maintains its temperature.
B.how energy is recycled in an ecosystem.
C.the one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem.
D.the importance of decomposers in an ecosystem.
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 8 of 25
4.0 Points
The most common method of determining whether a chemical causes cancer is to expose groups of laboratory animals, such as rats, to various large doses and count how many animals develop cancer at the different levels. All of the following are problems with this approach in terms of understanding the health risks to humans EXCEPT:
A.This method is indirect and uncertain as human and rats are different organisms and may respond differently to exposure to the same chemical.
B.For expediting the research process, in lab settings rats are exposed to massive doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much lower amounts.
C.For ethical reasons, rats in lab settings are given very small doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much higher amounts
D.Risk assessment assumes that we can extrapolate from studies in rats to determine the expected rates of cancer in humans but extrapolating from one species to another and from one dose level to another is uncertain and may overestimate or underestimate a toxicant’s danger.
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 9 of 25
4.0 Points
How might the clearing of roads and pristine areas like the one shown below lead to an increase in infectious disease?
Graphic
A.Cars on the road can carry the diseases to cities.
B.Typhoid and cholera can spread from wild animals to drinking water.
C.The creation of drainage ditches provides habitat for disease carrying mosquitoes.
D.There is an increased risk of sewage leaking into the water supply.

Part 1 of 1 –
Question 10 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following statements BEST describes emerging diseases like swine flu?
A.Infectious diseases that were not previously found in humans and typically jump from an animal host to humans.
B.Infectious diseases that existed in the past but for a variety of reasons are increasing in incidence.
C.Infectious diseases that were previously found in humans and typically jump from a human host to animals.
D.Non-infectious diseases that have transformed into infectious diseases.
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 11 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following statements about dose-response curves is FALSE?
A.A dose-response curve shows the effect of different doses of a toxicant on a population.
B.Doses lower than the threshold level will have no measurable effect on organisms.
C.The smaller the LD50, the more toxic the chemical.
D.Studies of the dose-response curves of toxicants gives us assurance that for all chemicals there is a threshold level of the chemical so small amounts of chemical pollution pose no health risks
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 12 of 25
4.0 Points
Who wrote Man and Nature, one of the first books discussing human impact on global environmental change?
A.Paul Ehrlich
B.Rachel Carson
C.George Perkins Marsh
D.John Muir
Question 13 of 25
4.0 Points
Chemical A has a toxicity level of 1 and chemical B has a toxicity level of 2. If a mixture of the two chemicals has a toxicity level of 4, what can we say about the results of the mixture?
A.it was additive.
B.it was persistent.
C.it was synergistic.
D.it was antagonistic.
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 14 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following criticisms or backlash against the environmental movement in the 20th century are TRUE?
1. In the late 1990s some conservative research groups criticized what they perceived as a biased presentation of environmental issues, particularly the promotion of environmental activism, in schools.
2. Many economists such as Julian Simon have countered the dangers of overpopulation by pointing out that technological advances outpace the negative impacts of population growth.
3. Most of the world’s religions have rejected environmental themes by pointing out that such ideas are contrary to their religious teachings.
a) 1 only
b) 2only
c) 3 only
d) 1 and 2
A.1 and 2
B.2 only
C.1 only
D.3 only
Question 15 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following processes plays an important role in the phosphorus cycle?
A.erosion
B.nitrogen fixation
C.combustion
D.cellular respiration
Question 16 of 25
4.0 Points
The nitrogen cycle is one of the most important and complex of the biogeochemical cycles. Why is nitrogen important?
A.It’s an Ozone depleting gas.
B.It’s an essential part of biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids (DNA)
C.It’s the most toxic element to living organisms
D.Nitrogen dilutes the oxygen in the atmosphere causing respiratory problems

Part 1 of 1 –
Question 17 of 25
4.0 Points
Herbivores are:
A.primary consumers
B.secondary consumers
C.decomposers
D.scavengers
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 18 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following statements about malaria is FALSE:
A.Road clearing in the Amazon has disrupted the natural environment and created habitat for the mosquito larvae to thrive.
B.Mosquitoes do not cause malaria but are the agents of transmission of the disease.
C.It is a non-transmittable disease caused by synthetic chemicals.
D.It is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite.
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 19 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following would environmental economists consider natural capital?
A.Water purification by a cattail marsh.
B.A water treatment facility.
C.Increased agriculture made possible by irrigation.
D.A severe hurricane like Katrina.
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 20 of 25
4.0 Points
The soil conservation service was formed after what environmental crisis?
A.soil contamination by toxic waste at love Canal in the 1970s.
B.severe erosion following windstorms in the 1930s.
C.mudslides in California following the San Francisco Earthquake in 1906.
D.severe erosion following forest fires in Yellowstone National Park in the 1980s.
Part 1 of 1 –

Question 21 of 25
4.0 Points
Photosynthesis is:
A.A physical law, which states that when energy is converted from one form to another, some of it is degraded into heat, a less usable form that disperses into the environment.
B.The biological process that captures light energy and transforms it into the chemical energy of organic molecules, which are manufactured from carbon dioxide and water.
C.The measure of the amount of usable energy available to do work in the universe.
D.The process that involves potential energy being converted to kinetic energy.
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 22 of 25
4.0 Points
National income accounts are incomplete estimates of national economic performance because national income accounts do NOT include
A.gross domestic product
B.net domestic product
C.estimates of imported goods and services
D.estimates of external costs such as natural resource depletion and the environmental cost of economic activities
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 23 of 25
4.0 Points
Which of the following is an endocrine disrupter?
A.CFCs
B.mercury
C.ozone
D.carbon dioxide
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 24 of 25
4.0 Points
We measure toxicity by the dose at which adverse effects are produced. Which of the following statements about the dose of and response to toxic agents are true?
A.Lethal doses of particular toxicants for humans are known through doing laboratory tests on human subjects.
B.Doses are expressed in milligrams of toxicant per kilogram of body weight.
C.Sub-lethal doses usually produce acute toxicity whereas lethal doses produce chronic toxicity.
D.Response to a dose depends only on the type of toxicant and not the age or health of the organism.Reset Selection
Part 1 of 1 –
Question 25 of 25
4.0 Points
Why have some plants evolved mutualistic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
A. The bacteria utilize nitrogen to produce energy for the plants; the plants provide the source of the nitrogen for the bacteria.
B. The bacteria transform nitrogen into forms useful forms for the plants; the plants provide water and a place for the bacteria to live.
C. The bacteria protect the plant from harmful effects of nitrogen compounds such as ammonia; the plants provide carbohydrates for the bacteria.
D. The bacteria provide natural immunities to the plants; the plants shelter the bacteria from predators.

 

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