Ethics Discussion

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Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

  • Textbook: Chapter 13
  • Lesson
  • Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

Introduction
Some people believe that you can tell who a person is by what they do when no one is looking. Let’s look at the following case. John Doe, a nurse, has downloaded an application to her phone that allows him to download copyrighted textbooks for a nursing course (that Doe is going to take) without his Internet Service Provider knowing it. The application is called “Cloak” as in cloak of invisibility (a hooded coat one wears to make it so others cannot see you). The application disguises his phone and makes it so the information on it is inaccessible. John is aware that other people who are of a lower socio-economic status (like him) also use this software program for the same reason (and to save money). John Doe knows that his religion forbids him from using this application to download in this manner. John Doe is focused on his own economic situation and does not consider the publisher, author, and others involved in the books. Think about a course of social action; what social values should be used to address this moral issue and conflict.

  • Initial Post Instructions
    Create a personal ethical philosophy and explain from which philosophy or philosophies (it must include at least one of the following: virtue ethics, Kantian ethics, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, or social contract ethics) you created it and why the contents are important and meaningful for you. List its precepts.
  • Take your personal ethical philosophy statement and use it to work through John Doe’s case. What is moral and immoral per your theory?
  • How would the veil of ignorance or a different theory of justice address John Doe’s case?

Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least one peer. When possible, respond to a peer who chose a different ethical theory than you did in your posting. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.

Writing Requirements

  • Minimum of 2 posts (1 initial & 1 follow-up)
  • Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside scholarly source)
  • APA format for in-text citations and list of references

Answers1:

Hello Professor and Class, 

My personal philosophy is that I always make sure people are happy and put people before myself because in the long run when I am in need of help, they will remember the time I helped them and gave them happiness. “Kantian ethics provide a human-centric ethical framework placing human existence and capacity at the centre of a norm-creating philosophy that guides our understanding of moral conduct” (Ulgen, 2017). I believe Kantians ethics follows this philosophy I have because it is the moral thing to do in my mind to put people first and make sure happiness is covered all around. Helping and ensuring a person is a way of making that person the center and making sure they know they are existing. 

John Doe in my personal philosophy wouldn’t work out. Knowing it is against his religion, he went ahead and downloaded the app because he cant afford the books by himself. He cared more about himself and passing his classes than his religion and that I believe is morally right. The morally wrong thing to do is knowing other low income people have it and it works, then not downloading the help that he needs and failing his classes. Although downloading an app that disguises a phone is wrong, it’ll help John Doe in the long run. 

“The political philosopher John Rawls is well known for his thought experiment of the “veil of ignorance.” The thought experiment goes something like this: when designing rules for your society, you should be ignorant of what social position you yourself will occupy” (Gobry, 2015). This addressed John Doe’s case by doing what is best for himself. He knows he is low income and needs these books to be able to get through the classes but cant afford them. He knows other people have the same app and it works well for them. John Doe knows he needs this to succeed so he got the app so he won;t fail.

 
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Experiment To Test The Effect Of Compost On The Development Of Root Crops

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Biologists designed an experiment to test the effect of compost on the development of root crops. They tested several different crops, including carrots, potatoes, beets, and onions. They grew most of the plants in the greenhouse, but due to space issues, they had to grow some outdoors. They gave all the plants the same amount of compost. They obtained the compost from a local farmer and from the local hardware store. They ran out of the farmer’s compost, so some of the plants received that compost when the seeds were planted and other plants got hardware store compost after the plants had already started growing.

RESULTS: Some of the roots seemed really big. Other roots seemed normal or small.

CONCLUSION: They couldn’t tell what the effect of the compost was because the results were inconsistent.

 

what is the dependent variable and independent variable in this experiment?

 
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Virtual Lab: DNA and Genes

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Virtual Lab: DNA and Genes

Worksheet

1. Please make sure you have read through all of the information in the “Questions” and “Mutation Guide”. If you come upon terms that are unfamiliar to you, please refer to your textbook for further explanation or search the word here: http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/dictionaryhome.aspx

2. When you are ready, please close out the “Mutation Guide” and click the “Mutate” button that appears on the new page to begin the activity.

3. You will see the following:

· an “Original sequence” of mRNA that has been translated properly into its corresponding amino acid sequence

· a “Mutated sequence” that is blank

· a “Mutation Rules” block of information

4. Your task is to read the information in the “Mutation Rules” area and then apply the information to completing the “Mutated sequence” of mRNA and protein. To do this, you must:

· read the “Mutation Rule”

· look at the “Original sequence” of mRNA given

· determine the “Mutated sequence” of mRNA bases after applying the information presented in the “Mutation Rule”

· determine the “Mutated sequence” of protein (amino acids) translated from the mRNA sequence you just created using the “Genetic Code Chart”

5. Please complete this information in the area below BEFORE actually completing the virtual activity; you can then refer to it to help make the correct selections at each step. Remember to use the “Genetic Code Chart” to determine the protein sequence:

“Mutation Rule” states: ___________________________________________

Original Sequence:

mRNA

                                               
               

Protein

Mutated Sequence:

mRNA

                                                 
               

Protein

6. Once you have filled in the information above, drag the correct nucleotides

to their position in the “Mutated sequence” of mRNA. Then drag the corresponding amino acids into place in the “Mutated sequence” of protein. When you are finished, click “Check”. A message will appear in the open box at the bottom of the page indicating whether your answer needs to be corrected. You may repeat this entire activity by clicking “Mutate”.

7. Please finish this exercise by opening the “Journal” link at the bottom of the page and answering the questions.

Post-laboratory Questions:

1. A mutation:

a. Results in a change in DNA sequence

b. Can result in abnormal encoding of protein sequences

c. Is always detrimental

d. A and B

e. All of the above

2. During the process of transcription:

a. DNA is turned into protein

b. mRNA is turned into protein

c. DNA is turned into mRNA

3. The building blocks of proteins are:

a. Amino acids

b. Nucleic acids

c. Polysaccharides

d. Fatty acids

4. Mutations:

a. Occur roughly 1 in 100 nucleotides

b. Occur roughly 1 in 1,000 nucleotides

c. Occur roughly 1 in 10,000 nucleotides

d. Never occur

e. None of the above

5. In a protein:

a. A single nucleotide change can alter the encoded protein and cause disease

b. 2 or more amino acids are linked together

c. Mutations always alter the encoded protein structure and function

d. A and B

e. All of the above

6. Silent mutations:

a. Are a type of point mutation

b. Code for the same amino acid as intended by the original sequence

c. Always affect protein structure and function

d. A and B

e. All of the above

7. A frameshift mutation:

a. Involves the addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides

b. Results in a new codon sequence

c. Results in a new amino acid sequence

d. All of the above

8. A stop codon is:

a. AUG

b. UAC

c. UAG

d. UGG

9. The codon “CUG” specifies which amino acid?

a. Serine (Ser)

b. Tyr (Tyrosine)

c. Leu (Leucine)

d. Glu (Glutamic Acid)

10. If the DNA sequence “AUGGGACCUCCU” was changed to “AUGGGAAACCUCCU” this would result in:

a. A point mutation

b. A silent mutation

c. A frameshift mutation

 
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Lab 5: Meiosis INSTRUCTIONS: And 3425

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lab biology questions
BiolLab_5.docx
BiolLab_5.docx

Your Full Name:

102/103
Lab 5: Meiosis
INSTRUCTIONS:

and submit it via the Assignments Folder by the date listed in the Course
Schedule (under Syllabus).

To conduct your laboratory exercises, use the Laboratory Manual located under
Course Content. Read the introduction and the directions for each exercise/experiment
carefully before completing the exercises/experiments and answering the questions.

Save your Lab 5 Answer Sheet in the following format: LastName_Lab5 (e.g.,
Smith_Lab5).

You should submit your document as a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format
(.rtf) file for best compatibility.

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Pre-Lab Questions
1. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.

2. What major event occurs during interphase?

Experiment 1: Following Chromosomal DNA Movement
through Meiosis
Data Tables and Post-Lab Assessment
Trial 1 – Meiotic Division Beads Diagram:
Prophase I

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

Telophase I

Prophase II

Metaphase II

Anaphase II

Telophase I

Cytokinesis

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Trial 2 – Meiotic Division Beads Diagram:
Prophase I

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

Telophase I

Prophase II

Metaphase II

Anaphase II

Telophase I

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Cytokinesis

Post-Lab Questions
1. What is the ploidy of the DNA at the end of meiosis I? What about at the end of meiosis

II?

2. How are meiosis I and meiosis II different?

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

3. Why do you use non-sister chromatids to demonstrate crossing over?

4. What combinations of alleles could result from a crossover between BD and bd

chromosomes?

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5. How many chromosomes were present when meiosis I started?

6. How many nuclei are present at the end of meiosis II? How many chromosomes are in

each?

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7. Identify two ways that meiosis contributes to genetic recombination.

8. Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes, but not in other

cells?

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

9. Blue whales have 44 chromosomes in every cell. Determine how many chromosomes

you would expect to find in the following:

a.i.

Sperm Cell:

a.ii.

Egg Cell:

a.iii.

Daughter Cell from Mitosis:

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

a.iv.

Daughter Cell from Meiosis II:

10. Research and find a disease that is caused by chromosomal mutations. When does the

mutation occur? What chromosomes are affected? What are the consequences?

11. Diagram what would happen if sexual reproduction took place for four generations using

diploid (2n) cells.

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Experiment 2: The Importance of Cell Cycle Control
Data Tables and Post-Lab Assessment
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Post-Lab Questions
1. Record your hypothesis from Step 1 in the Procedure section here.

2. What do your results indicate about cell cycle control?

3. Suppose a person developed a mutation in a somatic cell which diminishes the

performance of the body’s natural cell cycle control proteins. This mutation resulted in
© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

cancer, but was effectively treated with a cocktail of cancer-fighting techniques. Is it possible
for this person’s future children to inherit this cancer-causing mutation? Be specific when
you explain why or why not.

4. Why do cells which lack cell cycle control exhibit karyotypes which look physically

different than cells with normal cell cycle.

5. What are HeLa cells? Why are HeLa cells appropriate for this experiment?

Experiment 1:
Following
Chromosomal DNA
Movement through
Meiosis
In this experiment, you
will model the movement
of the chromosomes
through meiosis I and II to
create gametes.

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Materials

2 Sets of Different Colored Pop-it® Beads (32 of e
may be any color)
8 5-Holed Pop-it® Beads (used as centromeres)
Procedure:
Part 1: Modeling Meiosis
without Crossing Over
As prophase I begins, the
replicated chromosomes
coil and condense…
1.

Build a pair of
replicated,
homologous
chromosomes. 10
beads should be
used to create each
individual sister
chromatid (20
beads per
chromosome pair).
Two five-holed
beads represent
each centromere.
To do this…

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Figure 3: Bead set-up. The blue beads
represent one pair of sister chromatids
and the black beads represent a second
pair of sister chromatids. The black and
blue pair are homologous.
a.

Start with
20 beads of
the same
color to
create your
first sister
chromatid
pair. Five
beads must
be snapped
together for
each of the
four
different
strands.
Two
strands
create the
first
chromatid,
and two
strands
create the
second
chromatid
with a 5holed bead
at the
center of
each
chromatid.
This creates
an “I”
© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

shape.
b.

Connect the
“I” shaped
sister
chromatids
by the 5holed beads
to create
an “X”
shape.

c.

Repeat this
process
using 20
new beads
(of a
different
color) to
create the
second
sister
chromatid
pair.

2.

Assemble a second
pair of replicated
sister chromatids;
this time using 12
beads, instead of
20, per pair (six
beads per each
complete sister
chromatid strand).

3.

Pair up the
homologous
chromosome pairs
created in Step 1
and 2. DO NOT
SIMULATE
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CROSSING
OVER IN THIS
TRIAL. You will
simulate crossing
over in Part 2.
4.

Configure the
chromosomes as
they would appear
in each of the
stages of meiotic
division (prophase
I and II, metaphase
I and II, anaphase I
and II, telophase I
and II, and
cytokinesis).

5.

Diagram the
corresponding
images for each
stage in the
sections titled
“Trial 1 – Meiotic
Division Beads
Diagram”. Be sure
to indicate the
number of
chromosomes
present in each cell
for each phase.

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Figure 4: Second set of replicated
chromosomes.
6.

Disassemble the
beads used in Part
1. You will need to
recycle these beads
for a second
meiosis trial in
Steps 8 – 13.

Part 1 – Meiotic Division
Beads Diagram
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Telophase II
Cytokinesis
Part 2: Modeling Meiosis
with Crossing Over
7.

Build a pair of
replicated,
homologous
chromosomes. 10
beads should be
used to create each
individual sister
chromatid (20
beads per
chromosome pair).
Two five-holed
beads represent
each centromere.
To do this…
a.

Start with
20 beads of
the same
color to
create your
first sister
chromatid
pair. Five
beads must
be snapped
together for
each of the
four
different
strands.
Two

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

strands
create the
first
chromatid,
and two
strands
create the
second
chromatid
with a 5holed bead
at the
center of
each
chromatid.
This creates
an “I”
shape.
b.

Connect the
“I” shaped
sister
chromatids
by the 5holed beads
to create
an “X”
shape.

c.

Repeat this
process
using 20
new beads
(of a
different
color) to
create the
second
sister
chromatid
© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

pair.
8.

Assemble a second
pair of replicated
sister chromatids;
this time using 12
beads, instead of
20, per pair (six
beads per each
complete sister
chromatid strand).
Snap each of the
four pieces into a
new five-holed
bead to complete
the set up.

9.

Pair up the
homologous
chromosomes
created in Step 8
and 9.

10.

SIMULATE
CROSSING
OVER. To do this,
bring the two
homologous pairs
of sister
chromatids
together (creating
the chiasma) and
exchange an equal
number of beads
between the two.
This will result in
chromatids of the
same original
length, there will
now be new

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

combinations of
chromatid colors.
11.

Configure the
chromosomes as
they would appear
in each of the
stages of meiotic
division (prophase
I and II, metaphase
I and II, anaphase I
and II, telophase I
and II, and
cytokinesis).

12.

Diagram the
corresponding
images for each
stage in the section
titled “Trial 2 Meiotic Division
Beads Diagram”.
Be sure to indicate
the number of
chromosomes
present in each cell
for each phase.
Also, indicate how
the crossing over
affected the genetic
content in the
gametes from Part1
versus Part 2.

Part 2 – Meiotic Division
Beads Diagram:
Prophase I
Metaphase I

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Anaphase I
Telophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesi

Experiment 2: The Importance of Cell Cycle Control
Some environmental factors can cause genetic mutations which result in a
lack of proper cell cycle control (mitosis). When this happens, the possibility
for uncontrolled cell growth occurs. In some instances, uncontrolled growth
can lead to tumors, which are often associated with cancer, or other biological
diseases.
In this experiment, you will review some of the karyotypic differences which
can be observed when comparing normal, controlled cell growth and
abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth. A karyotype is an image of the complete
set of diploid chromosomes in a single cell.
Procedure
© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

Materials
*Computer Access
*Internet Access

1.

*You Must Provide

Begin by constructing a hypothesis to explain what differences you
might observe when comparing the karyotypes of human cells which
experience normal cell cycle control versus cancerous cells (which
experience abnormal, or a lack of, cell cycle control). Record your
hypothesis in Post-Lab Question 1.
Note: Be sure to include what you expect to observe, and why you think
you will observe these features. Think about what you know about
cancerous cell growth to help construct this information

2.

Go online to find some images of abnormal karyotypes, and normal
karyotypes. The best results will come from search terms such as
“abnormal karyotype”, “HeLa cells”, “normal karyotype”, “abnormal
chromosomes”, etc. Be sure to use dependable resources which have
been peer-reviewed

3.

Identify at least five abnormalities in the abnormal images. Then, list and
draw each image in the Data section at the end of this experiment. Do
these abnormalities agree with your original hypothesis?
Hint: It may be helpful to count the number of chromosomes, count the
number of pairs, compare the sizes of homologous chromosomes, look
for any missing or additional genetic markers/flags, etc.

Data
1.
2.
3.

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

4.
5.
Click here to download and solve a few questions.

© eScience Labs, LLC 2014

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Bio lab 5 answer.docx
Bio lab 5 answer.docx

Your Full Name:

102/103
Lab 5: Meiosis
INSTRUCTIONS:

and submit it via the Assignments Folder by the date listed intheCourse
Schedule (under Syllabus).

To conduct your laboratory exercises,…

 
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