The global community is plagued by

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The global

BIOL 101

Individual Assignment 3 Instructions

The global community is plagued by increasing incidence of leukemia; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; lung, colorectal, breast, pancreatic, prostate, liver, ovarian, and esophageal cancers. Other types of cancer exist but are less frequent. What is the scientific community doing to attempt to eliminate the most common forms of cancer that are ravaging society?

 

1. Read the course textbook’s chapter on cell division, specifically the last section on how cells become cancerous. This is context for completing Individual Assignment 3.

 

2. Watch the Presentation in Module/Week 4 entitled “Ways to Fight Cancer.” Notice that the presentation outlines essentially 3 approaches to fighting cancer: a) reduction of cancer risks, b) correction of cancer genes, and c) destruction of cancerous tissue.

 

3. Open the “10 Discoveries in the War on Cancer” document in the Assignment Instructions folder. Scan the discoveries briefly. Then, open the assignment submission link in Module/Week 4. In the text box, number from 1 to 10 for the 10 discoveries.

 

4. Reflect carefully on discovery 1. Would this discovery be more useful for a) reducing cancer risks, b) correcting/restoring cancer cells to normal, or c) destroying cancerous tissue? After number 1 in your list, place in parentheses the letter representing the approach to fighting cancer that will best be served by this new discovery. (More than 1 approach may be served, but which is most likely to be helped most significantly?)

 

5. Repeat this analysis for each of the remaining 9 discoveries. Return to the “Ways to Fight Cancer” presentation as needed for additional perspective. When finished, your entire text box must be simple: a numbered (1–10) list of letters (a), (b) or (c). The assignment is now complete.

 

6. Each correct association up to 8 correct answers is granted 7 points. If you get 9 or 10 out of 10, you get a perfect score (60 pts.) on the assignment.

 

Bibliography

 

Libery University (n.d.). 10 discoveries in the war on cancer [Word document]. Retrievd from https://learnadmin.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-12568728-dt-content-rid-105052270_1/xid-105052270_1.

 

Liberty University (n.d.). Ways to fight cancer [Presentation]. Retrieved from https://learnadmin.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-12568860-dt-content-rid-101909602_1/xid-101909602_1.

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community is plagued by

 
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Gene Mapping by Homologous Recombinatio

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Gene Mapping by Homologous Recombination (30 points) .*In  the  3rd  Edition  of  Snyder  and  Champness:  Pages,167-184  (Gene  mapping using  Hfr crosses, transduction), 243-263 (Conjugation background), 332-339 (Transduction/Phage background), 429-435  (Homologous  recombination  background). If  you  have  a  different edition, look in the table of contents of your book for titles similar to the ones listed.this for background info…you have to write full lab report of( exp2 ) including into,disscution,calculation,methods,conc,graph,references…etc,I will keep you updated with my new info which will be this Thursday,,You have to use my class data which will be on the excel sheet to do the calculation and explanation,last order was weak on the (last questions answering part)which is the last part of the report I got 21 points off because it was not complete and it need more explanation ,so try to avoid that weakness please

 

Experiment II: Gene Mapping by Homologous Recombination

September 13, 2016

 

 

Introduction •  Rifampin resistant mutants form spontaneously

when a culture of Escherichia coli HR171is growing.

 

 

Mapping

•  To map the mutation we are going to measure the frequency of recombination between your rifR sample and the wild type rifS .

•  We will be using two methods of measuring recombination: – Conjugation – Transduction

 

 

Conjugation

•  Transfer genetic information using a conjugative plasmid

•  If an Hfr strain is used, the plasmid will integrate into the chromosome and the entire chromosome will be transferred

•  The further a gene is on the chromosome from the origin of transfer (oriT) the less likely it will be transferred

 

 

Transduction

•  Transfer genetic information using a bacteriophage

•  DNA from one bacterium is packaged into a phage head which is inserted into another bacterium upon infection

•  The closer two genes are to each other on a chromosome, the more likely they are to be packaged and transferred together

 

 

Today •  Preparing for Conjugation and Transduction

•  Transduction: –  Add 5 µl of 0.1 M CaCl2 in a 1.5 ml Eppendorf

tube –  100 µl of culture of E. coli KL227 –  Add 50 µl of P1 (we will add for you) –  Incubate at 30°C for 10 min –  Plate 50 µl on LB plate with chloramphenicol –  Incubate plate at 30°C, overnight

 

 

Today •  Conjugation: •  Need to have single colonies!

– Innoculate 2 tubes •  Inoculate 2ml of LB + rif (the tube with the red top) with one colony from your rif plate (recipient).

i.e. Your rpoB mutant from last week

•  Inoculate 2ml of LB with one colony from of Hfr KL16 (donor)

•  Incubate in 37°C shaker at 200 rpm

 

 

Please  Cleanup

•  Place glass culture tubes in tray in the back of lab •  Empty biohazard cylinder into orange bin at end of

bench •  Wipe down bench with disinfectant •  Wash your hands

•  Thank you!

 

 

Suggested Reading: •  In the 3rd Edition of Snyder and Champness: •  167-184 (Gene mapping using Hfr crosses,

transduction) •  243-263 (Conjugation background) •  332-339 (Transduction/Phage background) •  429-435 (Homologous recombination

background) •  If you have a different edition, look in the

table of contents of your book for titles similar to the ones listed

 
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Concept Map

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Running head: ULCERATIVE COLITIS CONCEPT

MAP 1

 

 

 

Ulcerative Colitis Concept Map

Student

Rasmussen College

 

 

 

Author Note

This paper is being submitted on September 5, 2013, for Ms. Carole Guye’s NUR2034C

Fundamentals of Professional Nursing.

 

 

 

ULCERATIVE COLITIS CONCEPT MAP 2

 

ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC)

PATIENT TEACHING  Information about UC including acute

episodes, remissions and symptom mgmt.  Monitor for signs &symptoms of GI bleeding  Ostomy care management  Identify outpatient support groups  Self-management at home (Winkelman, 2013)

 

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY  Ulcerative Colitis (UC) usually begins in the rectum. It

may remain localized to the rectum (ulcerative proctitis) or extend higher, sometimes involving the entire colon. There is a sharp border between normal and affected tissue.

 It causes sores and inflammation of the lining, along with bleeding, pus, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.

 Fistulas and abscesses do not occur  Toxic or fulminant colitis is when the ulcerations

extends through the intestinal wall, resulting in localized ileus and peritonitis. (Ulcerative Colitis, 2014 )

CAUSES  Not caused by stress or hypersensitivity to foods or

products but may trigger symptoms (Ulcerative Colitis, 2014)  Studies suggest caused by combination of heredity,

immune system, and environmental causes  Cause Unknown (What is Ulcerative Colitis, 2014)

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS  Ostomy or perineal wound care  Assess patient for pain pattern, occurrences  Monitor for signs/symptoms of GI bleeding  Monitor Vitals and Labs  Monitor pain and symptoms to maintain

comfort (Winkelman, 2013)

 

TREATMENTS & MEDICATIONS Treatments – No medical cure  Treatment goals to reduce symptoms:

1) Induce / maintain remission, 2) Improve quality of life, and 3) Individualize to treat patient

Diet & Nutrition  Avoid foods that aggravate UC

(What is Ulcerative Colitis, 2014)

Surgery  Total proctocolectomy with permanent

ileostomy – colon, rectum & anus removed  Total Colectomy – colon removal  Restorative Proctocolectomey with Ileal Pouch

Anal Anastomosis (RPC-IPAA) – create ileoanal reservoir

Medications  Route

– Enema – Rectal Foam – Suppository

– PO – IV

 Aminosalicylates – Reduce Inflammation – balsalazide – mesalamine – olsalazine – sulfasalazine

 Corticosteroids – Reduce immune system activity & Decrease inflammation – budesonide – hydrocortisone – methylprednisone – prednisone (Ulcerative Colitis, 2014)

 Immunomodulators – Decrease immune system activity – azathioprine – 6-mercaptopurine, or 6-MP

 Biologics – Decrease inflammation – adalimumab – golimumab – Infliximab – vedolizumab

 Other medications – Acetaminophen – mild pain – Antibiotics – prevent/treat infection – Loperamide – slow/stop diarrhea

(Ulcerative Colitis, 2014) – Cyclosporine – immunosuppresnt

(Cyclosporine, 2014)

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS  Bowel movements become looser and more urgent  Persistent diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain

and blood in the stool (What is Ulcerative Colitis, 2014)  Anemia  Fever  Fatigue  Weight loss  Loss of appetite

 Skin lesions  Rectal Bleeding  Cramping abdominal pain  Growth failure in children  Loss of body fluid & nutrients

(Ulcerative Colitis, 2014)

DIAGNOSED  Physical Exam & Interview (health, diet, history)  Blood test – monitor anemia  Fecal matter – rule out bacterial/viral diarrhea causes  Sigmoidoscopy – see rectum/colon inflammation  Total Colonoscopy – visualize entire colon  Biopsy – sample of affect tissue removed for testing  Chromoendoscopy – blue spray during colonoscopy

to detect changes in lining (What is Ulcerative Colitis, 2014)  Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan – 3D image  Barium Enema X Ray – x-ray contrast (Ulcerative Colitis, 2014)

NURSING DIAGNOSES  Ineffective Coping r/t repeated episodes of diarrhea  Acute pain r/t abdominal cramp  Deficient fluid volume r/t frequent and loose stools  Impaired skin integrity r/t frequent stools, and

development of anal fissures  Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements r/t

anorexia, decreased absorption of nutrients GI tract  Social Isolation r/t diarrhea (Ackley, 2014)

 

 

 

ULCERATIVE COLITIS CONCEPT MAP 3

References

Ackley, B. J. and Ladwig, G. B. (2014). Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Child and Adult].

Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care (10th ed.).

Online: Mosby. Retrieved from Skyscape.

Ulcerative Colitis. (2014). National Digestive Disease Information and Kidney Diseases.

Retrieved from http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/colitis/

What is Ulcerative Colitis? (2014). Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America. Retrieved from

http://www.ccfa.org/what-are-crohns-and-colitis/what-is-ulcerative-colitis/

Winkelman, C. (2013). Ulcerative Colitis. Clinical Company for Medical-Surgical Nursing:

Critical Thinking for Collaborative Care (7th ed.). Retrieved from Skyscape.

 
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Gastrointestinal Disorders Case

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BIO/1015 Week 4 Assignment 1 Discussion Question (***** Both Questions Answered + APA Format + Original Work + References ******)

 

Question 1

 

Alcohol Abuse

 

 

Mr. Wilko is a 40-year-old salesperson with a wife and three teenage children. He has recently begun to have a beer at lunch and a few drinks after work to reduce his work-related stress. An economic downturn in the housing industry has reduced the need for new home appliances and his income and sales record has been affected. Several other salespeople have been laid off at his firm. He has been told that if his sales and attendance records do not improve he will be fired. He and his wife are constantly arguing about finances and the children’s increasing demands for money. His drinking has increased to several beers at lunch and continued drinking after dinner. When he returns to work with alcohol on his breath, he is dismissed from his job. He continues to consume alcohol during the day as he attempts a job search. His wife is very concerned, as are his teenage children.

  • Mr. Wilko states he is a social drinker and “can stop at any time.” How accurate is his self-assessment? his self -assessment is not accurate for the simple fact that he considers himself a social drinker he is in denial that depression has set in.
  • What stressors are present in Mr. Wilko’s case? anxiety,depression
  • Why does Mr. Wilko continue to increase his alcohol intake? to surpress the feelings on depression or fear of losing his job he feels as if he continues to increase his drinking it will subside the feelings that he is having
  • What changes in liver function can Mr. Wilko expect if he continues to drink large amounts of alcohol? his liver function
  • Mr. Wilko complains to his wife that all the stress is causing “indigestion.” How do stress and alcohol consumption affect GI function?
  • Why is Mr. Wilko at greater risk of trauma? because he is consuming way too much alcohol at an increasing rate above normal which can lead to gastritis as well as pancreatitis

 

 

Question 2

 

Gastrointestinal Disorders Case

 

A 50-year-old man has been suffering from substernal pain for the last 5 months, particularly on waking up in the morning. He lost his job a year ago and was suffering from depression. He consumes about 12–16 cans of beer every day. He has lost his appetite too and says that eating aggravates pain.

  • Is this acute or chronic gastritis?  Chronic gastritis
  • What factors may lead to the development of gastritis? Loss of appetite black or tarry stools upset stomach depression
  • What investigation should be performed?
  • How can the patient be treated?

 

BIO 1015 Week 4

Week 4 assignments pathophysiology

 

 
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