Unit 5 – Central Dogma Assignment

/in /by

Assignment for BIO120 Concepts in Biology

Unit 5 Central Dogma

Due: Midnight Sunday of Unit 5

Describe the central dogma of molecular biology; briefly describe the processes of transcription and translation.

The paper should be at least 400- 500 words (~ 1 double-spaced, APA formatted page).

Students: Be sure to read the criteria, by which your paper/project will be evaluated, before you write, and again after you write.

Evaluation Rubric for Unit 5 Central Dogma

  CRITERIA Deficient

(0 Points)

 Proficient

(1 Points)

 Exemplary

(2 Points)

 Points Possible
1. Defines the central dogma of molecular biology. Does not define the central dogma of molecular biology. Inaccurately defines the central dogma of molecular biology. Accurately defines the central dogma of molecular biology. 2
2. Describes the process of transcription. Does not describe the process of transcription. Incorrectly describes the process of transcription or does not describe it completely. Correctly describes the process of transcription or indicates the molecules involved (i.e. enzyme, substrate, product). 2
3. Describes the process of translation. Does not describe the process of translation. Incorrectly describes the process of translation or does not describe it completely. Correctly describes the process of transcription or indicates the molecules involved (i.e. enzyme, substrate, product). 2
4. Indicates where transcription and translation occur in a cell. Does not indicate where transcription and translation occur in a cell. Incorrectly indicates where transcription and translation occur in a cell. Correctly indicates where transcription and translation occur in a cell. 2
5. Grammar, spelling, and formatting The essay does NOT follow the APA format guidelines or contains more than six grammatical errors or misspellings. The essay follows the APA format guidelines but contains three to six grammatical errors or misspellings. The essay follows the APA format guidelines and contains no more than three grammatical errors or misspellings. 2
6. Clear and professional writing Writing is not well-organized or cannot be easily followed or understood. Uses choppy or rambling sentences. Writing is organized and can be followed, The essay contains effective transitions between sentences Writing is clear, professional, and well-organized. Essay is can be easily followed and uses effective transitions between sentences 2
Total Points: 12
 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology MCQ

/in /by

11.   Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?

a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle

 

 

12.   A nurse is teaching the staff about the three phases of cellular catabolism. Which of the following should the nurse include?

a. Digestion, glycolysis and oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion

 

 

13.   A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation

 

 

14.   The faculty member asked the student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of small, electrically uncharged molecules through a semipermeable barrier. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?

a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport

 

 

15.   A nurse is teaching a patient about fluid and electrolytes. Which of the following indicates the teaching was successful regarding electrolytes? Electrolytes are:

a. Small lipid-soluble molecules
b. Large protein molecules
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP
d. Electrically charged molecules

 

 

16.   A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:

a. Concentration of sodium
b. Plasma proteins
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Availability of membrane transporter proteins

 

 

17.   A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring:

a. Osmolality
b. Osmolarity
c. Osmotic pressure
d. Oncotic pressure

 

 

18.   In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?

a. Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
b. Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which reduces its ability to carry hemoglobin.
c. Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which allows binding of excess glucose.
d. Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which prolongs its life span beyond 120 days.

 

 

19.   A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?

a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport

 

 

20.   A patient who has diarrhea receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?

a. Cells will become hydrated.
b. Cells will swell or burst.
c. Cells will shrink.
d. Cells will divide.

 

 

21.   A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to the cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?

a. Active-mediated transport (active transport)
b. Active diffusion
c. Passive osmosis
d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)

 

 

22.   How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

a. By passive electrolyte channels
b. By coupled channels
c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
d. By diffusion

 

 

23.   Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?

a. Because potassium has a greater concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Because sodium has a greater concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
d. Because there is an excess of anions inside the cell

 

 

24.   The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?

a. Biport
b. Uniport
c. Antiport
d. Symport

 

 

25.   During which process can lysosomal enzymes be released to degrade engulfed particles?

a. Endocytosis
b. Pinocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Exocytosis

 

 

26.   A nurse is teaching the staff about cholesterol. Which information should be taught? The cellular uptake of cholesterol depends on:

a. Active-mediated transport
b. The antiport system
c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. Passive transport

 

 

27.   Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic division occurs. What is this cell cycle phase called?

a. G1
b. S
c. M
d. G2

 

 

28.   What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?

a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.

 

 

29.   A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is –70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?

a. K+ rushing into the cell
b. Na+ rushing into the cell
c. Na+ rushing out of the cell
d. K+ rushing out of the cell

 

 

30.   A nurse is teaching the staff about platelet-derived growth factor. Which information should the nurse include? Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates the production of:

a. Platelets
b. Epidermal cells
c. Connective tissue cells
d. Fibroblast cells

 

 

31.   The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:

a. Anaphase
b. Telophase
c. Prophase
d. Metaphase

 

 

32.   What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?

a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
b. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle
c. Restrain cell growth and development
d. Provide nutrients for cell growth and development

 

 

33.   A biopsy of the lung bronchi revealed ciliated epithelial cells that are capable of secretion and absorption. These cells are called _____ columnar epithelium.

a. Simple
b. Ciliated simple
c. Stratified
d. Pseudostratified ciliated

 

 

34.   The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Glucose

 

 

35.   The student is reviewing functions of the cell. The student would be correct in identifying the primary function of the nerve cell as:

a. Sensory interpretation
b. Conductivity
c. Maintenance of homeostasis
d. Communication

 

 

36.   The student is studying for a pathophysiology exam and is trying to remember the definition of amphipathic. The student should choose which of the following to be correct?

a. All cells have a membrane that is composed of lipids.
b. Cells have organelles that have specialized function.
c. Molecules are polar with one part loving water and one part hating water.
d. Cells have receptor sites that other substances attach to and create additional functions.

 

 

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

 

1.   A nurse recalls that the four basic types of tissues are (select all that apply):

a. Nerve
b. Epithelial
c. Mucosal
d. Connective
e. Skeletal
f. Muscle

 

 

2.   Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

a. They contain no organelles.
b. Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane.
c. They contain a distinct nucleus.
d. They contain histones.
e. They contain a cellular membrane.

 

 

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

Asexual Reproduction

/in /by

1) For this assignment you must interview two people. Ask them this multiple choice question:
From where is the large majority of the mass of a block of wood of derived? (Show them a real piece of wood or a picture of a piece of wood)
1. Nutrients in the ground taken up by the roots
2. Water in the ground taken up by the roots
3. Out of thin air
4. The Sun

Then ask them why they think that their answer is correct. Finally report to them the correct answer and explain why it is correct.
In your write-up, please include the answers and explanations of the persons you interviewed.

2) For this assignment you are to demonstrate your knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction. Watch the following two videos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAXeVFeHwEA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F07cI3s1_1I
Next, to get credit for this assignment, please 1) submit at least three advantages of asexual reproduction; 2) submit at least three advantages of sexual reproduction; and 3) describe the example of the fish in the ponds of Sonora mexico and what it demonstrates about the importance of sexual reproduction.

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

BIOLOGY HELP

/in /by

1-The final shape of a protein is very important to its function. When proteins undergo an irreversible change in shape called ________________ they ________________ perform their usual functions.

  naturation/can
  naturation/cannot
  denaturation/can
  denaturation/cannot
  dehydration reaction/cannot

 

 

2-Which group of lipids will contain hydrophilic heads that face outwards and hydrophobic tails that face inwards that will form a barrier?

  phospholipids
  steroids
  triglycerides
  saturated acids
  trans-fatty acids

 

3-DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is because

  only proteins are involved in living metabolic reactions.
  sugars and lipids code for their own replication.
  sugars and lipids are ever present in the living environment and are not used in living structures.
  other hereditary molecules code for sugars and lipids.
  proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells.

 

4-Which statement about the cellular nucleic acids DNA and RNA is incorrect?

  DNA is double-stranded, and RNA is single-stranded.
  The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, and in RNA the sugar is ribose.
  DNA has a helix shape; RNA does not.
  RNA and DNA have the same four nitrogen-containing bases.
  Both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides.

 

5-All carbohydrate molecules

  contain amino acids.
  contain nitrogen and phosphate.
  are organic acids.
  are composed of atoms of C, H, and the functional group -OH.
  are composed of atoms of C, H, O, and N.

 

6-Two molecules of glucose combine to form a disaccharide molecule during a(n) ________ reaction.

  dehydration
  hydrolysis
  hydrogen bond
  ionic bond
  inert

 

7-One carbon atom can form covalent bonds with up to ___ other atoms to form an organic molecule.

  2
  3
  4
  6
  8

 

8-Enzymes are organic compounds classified as

  nucleic acids.
  carbohydrates.
  lipids.
  steroids.
  proteins.

 

9-Organic molecules

  always contain carbon.
  always contain hydrogen.
  always contain carbon and hydrogen.
  are found only in organisms, hence their name.
  are always food molecules.

 

10-The water strider is an insect that skates across the water without sinking. The tips of its feet must be coated with molecules that are

  ions.
  hydrophilic.
  hydrophobic.
  basic.
  acidic.

 

11-Nucleic acids are polymers of

  amino acids.
  nucleotides.
  glycerol.
  monosaccharides.
  fatty acids.

 

12-DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is because

  only proteins are involved in living metabolic reactions.
  sugars and lipids code for their own replication.
  sugars and lipids are ever present in the living environment and are not used in living structures.
  other hereditary molecules code for sugars and lipids.
  proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells.

 

 

13-The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature. If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the moon, what effect would it have?

  Life would be possible but it would have to withstand these extremes in temperature.
  Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes.
  The temperatures would drop to the lower extremes.
  Because water has a high heat of vaporization, the temperatures would rise to the upper extremes.
  Physical conditions would remain the same.

 

 

14-____ is a polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls and accounts for their strength.

  Cellulose
  Chitin
  Glycogen
  Starch
  Cholesterol

 

 

 

15-The primary function of carbohydrates is

  quick fuel and short-term energy storage.
  structural reinforcement of plant and fungal cell walls.
  encoding the hereditary information.
  to speed chemical reactions in cells.
  to transport molecules across cell membranes.

 

16-Which of the following types of lipid is the most abundant constituent of cell membranes?

  cholesterol
  phospholipid
  triglyceride
  neutral fat
  fa
 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"