Homeostasis

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Assignment 9: Homeostasis

Goal: Interpret Data

In this assignment, you will practice reporting and interpreting basic data on a case involving ghrelin and weight loss. Download the handout below to get started. Answer 10 questions in Parts II and III. Include answers to Part IV in your post to earn full credit on this assignment. Making graphs in Excel is suggested, but not required. Scan or take a picture/screenshot of your graphs.

Some helpful tips:

Example of error bars on a line graph (hint: add SE above and below each point):

Example of a line graph

Independent variable = x-axis

Dependent variable = y-axis

If all else fails, try Google/YouTube for help with graphs.

Grading Rubric

Attempted assigned questions

Submitted answers to Parts II and III (20 points)
Skipped at least one question (15 points)
Attempted bonus question(s)

Submitted answers to Part IV (5 points)
Did not attempt Part IV (0 points)
Total possible = 25 points

NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE

The Hunger Pains: Ghrelin, Weight Loss, and Maintenance by Lynn M. Diener Sciences Department Mount Mary College, Milwaukee, WI

Part I – You Look Fantastic! Mallory Messner Hey Sara, it was great to see you during break! It’s been way too long. And by the way, congratulations on the weight loss, you look fantastic. Do you mind if I ask how you did it? April 5 at 1:32pm Like

Sara Finnegan Mal, it was great to see you too! Tanks for noticing the weight loss, it required a lot of hard work. I started exercising 5 days a week and restricting calories (eating smaller portions mainly). April 5 at 1:45pm Like

Mallory Messner You’d think I would already have realized that there is no trick when it comes to weight loss, being a biology major and all–sigh–I just hoped maybe you had found some magic solution. Haha. April 5 at 1:50pm Like

Sara Finnegan I gotta tell you though, I’m having a heck of a time keeping the weight of. It seems like I’m always hungry! You know, they always say that only 5% of people who lose weight ever keep it of long term. I’m hoping to remain in the 5% but right now I’m not so sure. =(

Have you heard about some hormone called ghrelin in any of your biology classes? I’ve been reading about it in the news lately, I wonder if it has anything to do with my struggles… April 5 at 1:55pm Like

Mallory Messner Actually I do recall learning something about ghrelin in class. Let me take a look and get back to you. I’ll send you an email! April 5 at 1:57pm Like

Questions 1. Craft an email from Mallory to Sara explaining some of the basics of ghrelin. Your email should explain what a

hormone is and what kind of hormone ghrelin is. It should also explore ghrelin’s efect on growth hormone and metabolism. Feel free to use your textbook and reliable internet sources.

2. What is the efect of growth hormone on metabolism? Pay special attention to its efect on protein, bone, fatty tissue, and carbohydrates.

3. What does anabolic mean? What about catabolic? How would you classify growth hormone?

“Te Hunger Pains” by Lynn M. Diener Page 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Part II – Sleep Is Important Mallory Messner So ghrelin seems like an intriguing possibility, huh? Did you know that it’s generally elevated in people after they lose weight? Even a whole year after they lost the weight! April 5 at 6:03pm Like

Sara Finnegan Yeah, thanks for the email. I can’t believe that a chemical like ghrelin can help to increase your appetite. And the fact that it’s elevated in people after they lose weight, ugh! April 5 at 6:09pm Like

Mallory Messner I found some other really interesting studies about ghrelin. How are you sleeping lately? April 5 at 6:12pm Like

Sara Finnegan I’m a college sophomore, just like you, how do you think I’m sleeping? April 5 at 6:14pm Like

Mallory Messner Haha, point taken. Well one study found some correlations with sleep and ghrelin levels. More sleep, less ghrelin! I found their data on the correlation between hours of sleep and BMI interesting as well.

Hours of sleep Average BMI Standard error 6.10 32.15 0.70 6.55 31.4 0.25 7.40 31.05 0.25 8.25 31.4 0.30 9.10 31.6 0.50

April 5 at 6:23pm Like

Questions 1. Make a line graph of this data using the space below. Don’t forget to include error bars using the standard error.

Identify and label the dependent and independent variables; this will dictate their placement on your graph.

“Te Hunger Pains” by Lynn M. Diener Page 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE

2. Explain the trend you see in the data you graphed.

3. Using a ruler, show which error bars overlap and don’t overlap on the graph above.

4. Without knowing the results of any statistics done on the data, which data point(s) may be signifcantly diferent from each other based on the data provided? Which data did you rely on to come to your conclusion?

5. Knowing that less sleep means more ghrelin, what suggestions might you make to Sara if you were Mallory? What is a take-away message for this study?

“Te Hunger Pains” by Lynn M. Diener Page 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE

Part III – Dessert for Breakfast Sara Finnegan Maybe I need to start prioritizing my sleep just a little bit… April 5 at 7:01pm Like

Mallory Messner Seriously! Me too… =) Another really fascinating recent study looked at the timing and composition of calories ingested, focusing specifcally on breakfast. Are you familiar with those high protein diets? April 5 at 7:04pm Like

Sara Finnegan Oh yeah, my roommate is trying to lose weight that way. April 5 at 7:06pm Like

Mallory Messner Well researchers had one group of obese individuals eat a small (calorie-wise), protein enriched breakfast in the morning. Te other group ate many more calories high in carbohydrates and enriched in protein. Both ingested the same number of calories over the course of the whole day, the diferences were in the timing and quantity of fats, carbs and protein. Te amusing part is that the second group of dieters also had dessert with every breakfast. =D April 5 at 7:10pm Like

Sara Finnegan Seriously??? I’d love to start every morning with dessert. I bet I know who lost weight and who didn’t. April 5 at 7:13pm Like

Mallory Messner Seriously! And we’re talking doughnuts, cake, chocolate bars. You might fnd the results surprising though. Here, take a look at the weight loss data. Tey were “dieting” from weeks 0 till 16. Week 16–32 was follow up, when they were trying to maintain their weight loss.

Low calorie breakfast Dessert for breakfast Time (weeks) average weight (kg) average weight (kg)

0 89 91 4 85 87 8 82 85 12 77 82 16 75 78 20 78 76 24 81 74 28 84 72 32 87 71

April 5 at 7:21pm Like

Questions 1. Make a line graph of the data above in the space provided below.

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NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE

2. What is the trend the researchers saw? You should focus on which group lost more weight and had more successful weight loss maintenance.

3. Do you think Sara is surprised by the results?

4. Does ghrelin make you hungry or leave you feeling satisfed?

5. Knowing what you do about ghrelin, in which case do you think the researchers saw a greater decrease in ghrelin after eating?

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NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE

Part IV – Easier Weight Loss? Sara Finnegan Mal, that’s a seriously cool study. 30 minutes ago Like

Mallory Messner I know! And they saw all sorts of other things change in the dessert group. Levels of ghrelin decreased after meals, feelings of satiety (satisfaction) increased, and cravings decreased. 28 minutes ago Like

Sara Finnegan Haha, maybe I’ll try the dessert for breakfast diet to combat my difculty in maintaining. 25 minutes ago Like

Mallory Messner Well, it’s only one study. I’m not sure I’d change your whole diet outlook based on one study, but the results are defnitely compelling. Tere really is a lot left to learn about ghrelin and weight loss in general. 20 minutes ago Like

Questions 1. Speculate about why the dessert for breakfast group saw decreases in cravings and increases in satiety.

2. Would you change your diet based on the study? What kind of evidence is necessary to make you “believe” a research study?

3. If you were doing research in this area, what would be your next step?

2

Credit: Licensed image in title block © Konstantin Andy #1627988 | Fotolia. Case copyright held by the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science, University at Bufalo, State University of New York. Originally published September 17, 2012. Please see our usage guidelines, which outline our policy concerning permissible reproduction of this work.

“Te Hunger Pains” by Lynn M. Diener Page 6

 

 
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Page 1“Crazy About Cryptids!” by Matthew P. Rowe

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Part I – Introduction Victoria adored her older brother Travis. She had good reason: their father had died when they were kids, leaving them and their younger twin sisters to be raised by their mother and grandmother. Growing up was tough; their mother’s salary as a social worker was meager, and their grandmother suff ered from a chronic medical condition that took much of the family’s income. As the oldest, Travis started working early to help support the family, a sacrifi ce not lost on Victoria and her sisters. Victoria so respected her brother that she couldn’t help comparing her high school and now her college suitors to Travis, and the admirers always fell short. Travis was kind, courageous, generous to a fault, and oh so smart—he even, while helping raise his siblings, put himself through law school and was now working as a public defender in Chicago. But he had a weakness that worried Victoria. Outside of the courtroom, Travis was gullible. He had a fondness for all things extraordinary—from ghosts to alien abductions to new-age therapies. His true passion, however, was cryptids. He was simply crazy about cryptids.

Victoria was majoring in Integrative Biology at Michigan State. Her training, including courses in ecology, wildlife biology, and the philosophy of science, made her appropriately skeptical of chupacabras, yetis, bigfoot, the Loch Ness monster, and other storied beasts. Th e fact that her brother, a lawyer whose career depended on the critical examination of evidence, could be so credulous was unsettling to her. While sensitive to his feelings, she hoped she could use her growing understanding of science in general, and ecology in particular, to empower her brother. A “just touching base” phone call from Travis presented Victoria with an opportunity.

“Hi sis, how are classes?” Travis asked supportively when Victoria picked up the phone.

“Great,” she replied, “in my wildlife techniques course, we’re studying all the cool things you can learn about an animal just by analyzing a tiny drop of its feces, or a hair or two snagged on a scratching post. It’s pretty amazing.”

“Yeah,” Travis replied with unrestrained enthusiasm, “did you hear about the recent study of hair samples collected from a bunch of diff erent sites in the U.S. and Canada that proved the existence of bigfoot, and showed they were interbreeding with humans?”

Victoria, remembering one of the principles she learned in her philosophy course, responded: “Travis, science isn’t about ‘proving’ an idea or explanation, it’s about marshaling all of the evidence you can to determine which of various competing explanations is best supported.” She continued, “I don’t mean to sound scientifi cally snobbish or anything, but the study you mention by Melba Ketchum and her coauthors lacks credibility. A team led by Bryan Sykes published a more rigorous analysis of hair sent in by bigfoot and yeti enthusiasts from around the world; the results showed that the hair belonged to bears and raccoons and other mammals one would expect to be wandering around in the woods, not to bigfoot or a bigfoot-human hybrid.”

by Matthew P. Rowe Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

Crazy About Cryptids! An Ecological Hunt for Nessie and Other Legendary Creatures

 

 

NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE

Page 2“Crazy About Cryptids!” by Matthew P. Rowe

“You’re breaking my heart here kiddo, you know I’m a true believer in Sasquatch,” Travis replied with feigned sadness. “Besides, isn’t it possible that a species of giant man-ape unknown to science exists somewhere on the planet?”

“Sure,” Victoria chimed encouragingly, “species unknown to science are occasionally discovered, like the mega-mouth shark or the saola. And creatures that scientists thought went extinct millions of years ago like the coelacanth are rediscovered. So I’m not saying that bigfoot doesn’t exist, only that the evidence presented so far is insuffi cient for me to accept that it does.”

After a short pause, Travis responded thoughtfully, “Ok, little sister, I think I see where you are coming from; in a jury trial, which is something I know about, the guilt or innocence of a suspect is determined by the preponderance of the evidence. Th e jury has to determine whether the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, not beyond any shadow of a doubt. Absolute certainty is unlikely. What matters is that the jurists, before reaching a verdict, carefully examine each of the explanations and all of the evidence off ered by both the prosecution and the defense. I guess it’s the same thing in science.”

Sensing an opening, Victoria slyly suggested, “Didn’t you say you wanted to see a Spartan football game? Well, homecoming is in two weeks; why don’t you come for a visit. We can catch the game, and then afterwards we’ll go hunting for the Loch Ness Monster.”

Nessie was Travis’s favorite cryptid, so his sister’s off er aroused his curiosity. “How can we go hunting for a population of aquatic monsters in Scotland from your apartment in the middle of Michigan?” Travis asked inquisitively.

“We’ll track her down using the science of ecology,” Victoria answered.

Questions 1. Two articles were mentioned in the story. Th e fi rst, titled “Novel North American Hominins, Next Generation

Sequencing of Th ree Whole Genomes and Associated Studies” by lead author Melba Ketchum and her co- authors, was published in the journal DeNovo. Th e second, titled “Genetic Analysis of Hair Samples Attributed To Yeti, Bigfoot, and Other Anomalous Primates” by Bryan Sykes and his team, was published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Th e two reports apply similar techniques using similarly obtained samples but reach diff erent conclusions. Summarize the main conclusions of each.

2. Credibility is an important concept both in science and in courts-of-law. Which of the two publications is more credible, and why?

3. Occam’s Razor, also known as the Principle of Parsimony, can be useful when trying to determine which explanation, among two or more, is most likely to be correct. What is the Principle of Parsimony? Apply the principle to the diff erent explanations off ered by Ketchum’s team and Syke’s team. Which of the competing explanations best passes the razor test, and why?

 
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He Baby’s Brain: Wider Than The Sky Full

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The Teenage Brain: A World of Their Own

Video Title

The Child’s Brain: Syllable from Sound

Video Title

The Aging Brain: Through Many Lives

PBS

At age 95, the poet Stanley Kunitz was named U.S. poet laureate and was still writing new poems and reading to live audiences-an inspiring example of the brain’s vitality in the final years of life. This program presents recent discoveries in neuroscience that tell us how the brain ages, and how that aging process and intact mental functions aren’t mutually exclusive. The film demonstrates that older brains continue producing new neurons and possess unique characteristics that form the basis for wisdom. Alzheimer’s disease is also an important topic. Distributed by PBS Distribution. Part of the series The Secret Life of the Brain. (56 minutes)

The Aging Brain: Through Many Lives

Video Title

The Adult Brain: To Think by Feeling

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The Baby’s Brain: Wider Than the Sky Full Video (54:21)

Segments Transcript

FULL PROGRAM

The Baby’s Brain: Wider Than the Sky

SEGMENTS

  1. Human Brain: Ultimate Machine03:05
  2. Premature Infant Brain02:02
  3. Genetic Code Script01:27
  4. The Primitive Beginning of Thoughts and Feelings01:56
  5. Neuron Pathways02:20
  6. Neuron Migration01:50
  7. Genetic Blueprint03:25
  8. Coping Before the Brain is Ready01:52
  9. Learning Disabilities in Preemies01:33
  10. Shaping the Brain in Unintended Ways02:05
  11. Emulating the Womb03:21
  12. Nature vs. Nurture04:11
  13. Preemie Brain Development02:51
  14. Physical Change in Development of Brain Parameters02:59
  15. Negotiating a Complicated World01:57
  16. Critical Stimulation01:16
  17. Critical Images02:20
  18. Fighting for Cortical Connections03:12
  19. Maturing Without Visual Experience01:45
  20. Removing Cataracts in Time01:43
  21. Plastic Human Brain02:17

Hide Segments/Transcripts 

DESCRIPTION 

Only four weeks into human gestation, the brain’s first cells, the neurons, are already forming at an astonishing rate—250,000 every minute. This program illustrates that process and the more complex brain development that occurs during an infant’s life, both before and following birth. Viewers learn how vision and the visual cortex come into play; what happens when a baby is born with visual impairment, such as infant cataracts; and many more facts and insights regarding the early brain’s ability to shape itself in response to the demands of the world. Distributed by PBS Distribution. Part of the series The Secret Life of the Brain. (56 minutes)

Distributed by PBS Distribution.DETAILS Producer: PBSSeries: The Secret Life of the BrainDate Added: 12/12/2009Copyright Date: © 2001Item #: 41054Type: Documentary FilmRun Time: 54:21TAGSAnatomy Biological neural network Biology Brain Human brain Mind NeuropsychologyNeuroscience Neuroscience and intelligence

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Bio Statistics Quiz

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This quiz consists of 20 questions most appear to be similar but now really. I ned someone who is familiar with bio-statistics and math. The due date is tomorrow 4 pm PST. or (16:00). Please if you accept handshake you must do the work not get from previous papers or tell me you had emergency an hour before its due. This is important to me.

attached is the file just in case you need it in word format. Thank you in advance.

1.      The standard deviation of the diameter at breast height, or DBH, of the slash pine tree is less than one inch. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)

[removed] Fail to support the claim σ < 1 when σ < 1 is true.
[removed] Support the claim  μ < 1 when μ = 1 is true.
[removed] Support the claim σ < 1 when σ = 1 is true.
      [removed] Fail to support the claim μ < 1 when μ < 1 is true.

1a.  The EPA claims that fluoride in children’s drinking water should be at a mean level of less than 1.2 ppm, or parts per million, to reduce the number of dental cavities. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)

[removed] Fail to support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ < 1.2 is true.
[removed] Support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ = 1.2 is true.
[removed] Support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ = 1.2 is true.
[removed] Fail to support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ < 1.2 is true.

2.      Biologists are investigating if their efforts to prevent erosion on the bank of a stream have been statistically significant. For this stream, a narrow channel width is a good indicator that erosion is not occurring. Test the claim that the mean width of ten locations within the stream is greater than 3.7 meters. Assume that a simple random sample has been taken, the population standard deviation is not known, and the population is normally distributed. Use the following sample data:

3.3 3.3 3.5 4.9 3.5 4.1 4.1 5 7.3 6.2

What is the P-value associated with your test statistic? Report your answer with three decimals, e.g., .987 (Points : 1)

2a. Medical researchers studying two therapies for treating patients infected with Hepatitis C found the following data. Assume a .05 significance level for testing the claim that the proportions are not equal. Also, assume the two simple random samples are independent and that the conditions np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5 are satisfied.

  Therapy 1 Therapy 2
Number of patients 39 47
Eliminated Hepatitis 20 13
C infection    

Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the odds ratio of the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 1 to the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 2. Give your answer with two decimals, e.g., (12.34,56.78) (Points : 0.5)

[removed]

3. Researchers studying sleep loss followed the length of sleep, in hours, of 10 individuals with insomnia before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Assume a .05 significance level to test the claim that there is a difference between the length of sleep of individuals before and after CBT. Also, assume the data consist of matched pairs, the samples are simple random samples, and the pairs of values are from a population having a distribution that is approximately normal.

Individual 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Before 6 5 4 5 3 4 5 3 4 2
CBT                    
After 8 8 7 6 7 6 6 5 7 5
CBT                    

Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the mean difference between the lengths of sleep. Give your answer with two decimals, e.g., (12.34,56.78) (Points : 0.5)

[removed]

3a. Scientists, researching large woody debris (LWD), surveyed the number of LWD pieces from aerial photos taken annually for the past 35 years at two different sites. Over the 35 years of photos examined, the first site had a mean number of LWD pieces per hectare per year (LWD/ha/yr) of 3.7 pieces with a standard deviation of 1.9. The second site had a mean number of LWD/ha/yr of 4.3 with a standard deviation of 2.4. Assume a .05 significance level for testing the claim that the mean LWD/ha at the first site had less than the mean LWD/ha/yr at the second site. Also, assume the two samples are independent simple random samples selected from normally distributed populations, but do not assume that the population standard deviations are equal.

Construct a 90% confidence interval for the difference between the two means. Give your answer with two decimals, e.g., (12.34,56.78) (Points : 0.5)

4.      The paired data consist of the cost of regionally advertising (in thousands of dollars) a certain pharmaceutical drug and the number of new prescriptions written (in thousands).

Cost 9 2 3 4 2 5 9 10
Number 85 52 55 68 67 86 83 73

Find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r. Give your answer to three decimals, e.g., .987. (Points : 0.5)

4a. The paired data consist of the cost of regionally advertising (in thousands of dollars) a certain pharmaceutical drug and the number of new prescriptions written (in thousands).

Cost 9 2 3 4 2 5 9 10
Number 85 52 55 68 67 86 83 73

Find the predicted value of the number of new prescriptions written if $6000 is spent in regional advertising. Give your answer as an integer. (Points : 0.5)

[removed]

5.      Use a .05 significance level and the observed frequencies of 70 Neonatal deaths to test the claim that number of neonatal deaths on each day of the week is equally likely.

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
10 9 5 8 15 12 11

Determine the value of the χ2 test statistic. Give your answer to two decimals, e.g., 12.34 (Points : 0.5)

5a. Use a .05 significance level and the observed frequencies of 144 drowning at the beaches of a randomly selected coastal state to test the claim that the number of drowning for each month is equally likely.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
1 3 2 7 14 20 37 33 16 6 2 3

Determine the value of the χ2 test statistic. Give your answer to two decimals, e.g., 12.34 . (Points : 0.5)

[removed]

6.      Using a .01 significance level, test the claim that the proportions of fear/do not fear responses are the same for male and female dental patients.

Gender

  Male Female
Fear Dentistry 48 70
Do Not Fear Dentistry 21 32

Do you reject the null hypothesis, at the .01 significance level? Enter Y for yes (reject), N for no (fail to reject). (Points : 0.5)

6a. Using a .01 significance level, test the claim that the proportions of fear/do not fear responses are the same for male and female dental patients.

Gender

 

  Male Female
Fear Dentistry 48 70
Do Not Fear Dentistry 21 32

Determine the value of the χ2 test statistic. Give your answer to three decimals, e.g., 12.345 . (Points : 0.5)

[removed]

 

7. The table represents results from an experiment with patients afflicted in both eyes with glaucoma. Each patient was treated in one eye with laser surgery and in the other eye was treated with eye drops. Using a .05 significance level, apply McNemar’s test to test the following claim: The proportion of patients with no improvement on the laser treated eye and an improvement on the drops treated eye is the same as the proportion of patients with an improvement on the laser treated eye and no improvement on the drops treated eye.

    Eye Drop Treatment

 

    Improvement No Improvement
       
Laser Surgery Improvement 15 10
Treatment No Improvement 50 25

Determine the value of the χ2 test statistic. Give your answer to two decimals, e.g., 12.34 . (Points : 0.5)

7a. The table represents results from an experiment with patients afflicted with eczema on both arms. Each patient was treated with an immune modulator cream on one arm and a topical steroid cream on the other arm. Using a .05 significance level, apply McNemar’s test to test the following claim: The proportion of patients with no cure on the immune modulator treated arm and a cure on the topical steroid treated arm is the same as the proportion of patients with a cure on the immune modulator treated arm and no cure on the topical steroid treated arm.

    Immune Modulator Cream

 

    Cure No Cure
Topical Steroid Cure 25 11
Cream No Cure 42 22

Do you reject the null hypothesis, at the .05 significance level? Enter Y for yes (reject), N for no (fail to reject). (Points : 0.5)

[removed]

8.For a study on Type 1 diabetes, medical graduate students subdivided the United States into four study regions (Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, and Northwest). The students randomly selected seven patients per region and recorded the number of times during a randomly selected month that each patient used insulin shots to regulate blood sugar levels. Use One-Way ANOVA at a .05 significance level to test the claim that the means from the different regions are not the same.

Mean number of times patients used insulin shots to regulate blood sugar levels

 Northeast Southeast Southwest Northwest
4 6 4 4
3 5 5 4
3 6 6 5
4 8 6 6
3 6 7 3
2 6 5 5
5 8 4 3
   
   
   

Do you reject the null hypothesis, at the .05 significance level? Enter Y for yes (reject), N for no (fail to reject). (Points : 0.5

8a. Geneticists studying carriers of genetic diseases followed subjects subdivided by race. Researchers randomly selected seven patients per race who had been identified as carrying a certain gene for a genetic disease; these patients were followed to determine the number of their siblings who also carried the gene for the genetic disease. Use a One-Way ANOVA at a .05 significance level to test the claim that the means from the different races are not all the same.

Caucasian African-American Other
2 0 0
3 0 1
3 1 2
3 2 2
4 2 2
5 2 3
5 4 4

Determine the value of the F test statistic. Give your answer to two decimals, e.g., 12.34 . (Points : 0.5)

[removed]

                            

9.      The reason we cannot use multiple t-tests to claim that four populations have the same mean is that we increase the likelihood of a type I error. (Points : 1)

[removed] True
[removed] False

9a.

If there is only one observation per cell in a Two-Way ANOVA, and it can be assumed there is not an interaction between factors, then we can proceed to interpret the results of the row and column effects. (Points : 1)

[removed] True
[removed] False

 

10.Use the following technology display from a Two-Way ANOVA to answer this question. Biologists studying habitat use in Lepidopteran moths measured the number of savannah moths found at three randomly selected prairie sites with two potential habitat interferences (expansion of row crops and grazing). Use a .05 significance level.

Source Df SS MS F P
Site 2 .1905 .0952 .0381 .9627
Habitat 1 304.0238 304.0238 121.6095 .0000
Site*Habitat 2 .1905 .0952 .0381 .9627

What is the value of the F test statistic for the site effect? (Points : 0.5)

10a. Use the following technology display from a Two-Way ANOVA to answer this question. Biologists studying habitat use in Lepidopteran moths measured the number of savannah moths found at three randomly selected prairie sites with two potential habitat interferences (expansion of row crops and grazing). Use a .05 significance level.

 
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