Erythropoietin (EPO) Blood Doping Assignment

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In January 2013, Lance Armstrong confessed to using performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) while competing and winning the Tour de France cycling competition over seven years. He has been stripped of his titles and banned from the sport for life.

One of the drugs he has confessed to using is Erythropoietin (EPO), a natural occuring hormone used by the medical community to treat a number of health conditions.

Your task is to thoroughly research EPO and its use as a performance enhancing drug by athletes and write an opinion paper based on your findings.

Things to consider when researching and writing your paper:

  • What EPO is, how it works in the body and how the body rids itself of this hormone.
  • How does the use of EPO use enhance an athlete’s performance?
  • What are the possible risks (if any) associated with EPO use?
  • What is the United States Anti-Doping Agency’s (USADA) stance on the use of EPO?
  • In your opinion, what are some of the negative social and economic impacts associated with the use of PEDs by professional athletes?
  • Why would athletes risk the type of negative consequences experienced by Lance Armstrong? In your opinion is it worth it?

Note on Writing In Science

All information and relevant data are to be included in a logically sequenced manner.  In your writing, it is important to use appropriate writing style, tone, and scientific terminology.  Conduct your research using reliable, peer-reviewed and industry sources and ensure that sources listed in your reference list are directly related to information presented in your paper.  Use the appropriate referencing style for science to cite your sources.

 
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Homeostasis Essay

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Name: ___________________________________ Date: ______________

Points : 100

Lab 3-Survey of the Plant kingdom

Please complete the worksheet and submit it through blackboard

 

This lab is about Plant kingdom. As you know plants are all around us. This week students will study plants and their diversity. Plants are classified based on habit, habitat, presence or absence of vasculature, presence and absence of spores, naked seed or enclosed seeds, fruits and flowers.

 

Use the resources available to you and answer the following questions. You can visit a local arboretum, zoo or botanical garden to collect the information for the worksheet.

 

Listed below are some interesting places in and around Houston to study plants.

Houston Arboretum

Armand bayou Nature center

Maas Nursery Kemah

Houston Zoo

 

Please look around and identify plants from all the groups listed below. Answer the questions based on your observations. Include a picture of the plant species you use to make your observations.

 

 

 

Bryophytes (20 points)

Mosses are common examples of seedless non-vascular plants. Identify a moss plant and answer the following questions based on your observations

 

a. Is the plant a sporophyte or gametophyte?

 

 

b. Does this plant have vasculature?

 

 

 

c. What is the function of vasculature?

 

 

 

d. What can you predict about the size of the plant based on answer to question B?

 

 

e. What other adaptations are essential for this plant to succeed?

 

 

 

f. Do you find true roots, leaves and stem in mosses?

 

 

g. How does reproduction take place in this plant (asexual or sexual)?

 

h. Picture of the plant (plants) and its scientific name.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pteridophyta (20 points)

 

Ferns are common examples of seedless vascular plant. Identify a fern and answer the following questions based on your observations.

 

a. Is the plant body a sporophyte or gametophyte?

 

 

 

b. Does the plant have vasculature?

 

 

 

 

c. How does presence or absence of vasculature affect the size of the plant?

 

 

 

d. What is the advantage Pteridophytes have over Bryophytes?

 

 

 

 

e. How does reproduction take place in ferns?

 

 

 

f. Are the spores haploid/diploid?

 

 

 

 

g. What is the major innovation in this group (Pteridophytes)?

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gymnosperms (20 points)

 

a. What does ‘Gymnos’ ________________ and ‘sperma’______________ mean?

 

 

 

b. Do you see flowers in this group?

 

 

 

c. What are some plants that belong to this group around you?

 

 

 

 

d. Is the plant body a sporophyte or a gametophyte?

 

 

 

 

 

e. How does reproduction take place in gymnosperms? Sexual or asexual?

 

 

 

f. What is a major innovation of this group?

 

 

 

 

Angiosperms (20 + 20 points)

 

Most successful group of plants. Angiosperms are found in diverse habitats because of their successful reproductive strategies and various adaptations.

Angiosperms are divided into Monocots and Dicots.

 

Please identify dicot plant/tree and answer the following questions.

 

a. Does the plant have vasculature?

 

 

b. Does this plant have flower?

 

 

c. What is the function of the flower?

 

 

 

d. Count the number of petals of the flower?

 

 

 

 

e. Draw the leaf of the plant? How are the veins on the leaf (parallel or reticulate).

f. Are the leaves simple or compound?

 

 

 

 

g. What is the major innovation in Angiosperms?

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monocot

a. Does this plant have flower?

 

 

b. What is the function of the flower?

 

 

 

c. Count the number of petals of the flower?

 

 

 

d. How are the veins arranged in the leaves of Monocots?

 

 

e. What are the differences between Monocots and Dicots?

 

 

 

 

f. Pictures of the Dicot, Its scientific name________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

g. Picture of a monocot, its scientific name_______________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 
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Microbiology >Answer

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Week 1 – Review Sheet

Exercise 1: Hanging-drop and wet-mount preparations

1. How does true motility differ from Brownian movement?

2. What morphological structure is responsible for bacterial motility?

3. Why is a wet preparation discarded in disinfectant solution or biohazard container?

4. What is the value of a hanging-drop preparation?

5. What is the value of a wet-mount preparation?

Exercise 2: Simple stains

1. Define acidic and basic dyes. What is the purpose of each?

2. What is the purpose of fixing a slide that is to be stained?

3. Why are the specimens to be stained suspended in sterile saline or distilled water?

4. How does a stained preparation compare with a hanging drop for studying the morphology

and motility of bacteria?

5. List at least three types of bacteria whose names reflect their shapes and arrangements,

and state the meaning of each name.

Exercise 3: Gram stain

1. What is the function of the iodine solution in the Gram stain? If it were omitted, how would

staining results be affected?

2. What is the purpose of the alcohol solution in the Gram stain?

3. What counterstain is used? Why is it necessary? Could colors other than red be used?

4. What is the advantage of the Gram stain over a simple stain such as methylene blue?

5. In what kind of clinical situation would a direct smear report from the laboratory be of

urgent importance?

 
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General Microbiology

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Question 1.

Define the word ubiquitous, and provide examples showing why this is an appropriate term to use when describing microbes.

Question 2.

You are a researcher researching Zika virus, a mosquito-borne pathogen. The number of cases of Zika have skyrocketed over the past few months and the weather service has recorded the data showing that this summer has been the wettest in the past 50 years. Using the scientific method, develop a sound hypothesis explaining the increase in disease cases and a method for testing this hypothesis.

Question 3.

Humans have learned through history how to use the abilities of microbes to their advantage. Considering ways that we use them (not how they naturally have become part of our microflora), describe 3 methods used in the environment, industry, and in our daily lives.

 
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