Sensation And Perception Writing Assignment

Sensation and Perception Writing Assignment

PSY 2012

 

Sensation and Perception are essential to normal human functioning. Without the constant

interaction between body and mind, much of our world becomes confusing, incoherent, or even

non-existent. In fact, several commonly occurring disabilities are nothing more than a problem

involving sensation, perception, or communication between the two. For example, several

learning disabilities are the result of our brains grouping information incorrectly, ignoring

specific stimuli, or having trouble integrating two or more sensations. By knowing more about

both sensation and perception, psychologists can better understand what may be happening with

some types of disabilities or limitations. Your job is to demonstrate your understanding of

sensation and perception processes by discussing how the same limitation can occur because of

different causes.

First, chose a human sensory disability or malfunctions that is interesting to you or that

you have personal experience with. This could be anything including the bizarre (phantom limbs,

auditory hallucinations, etc), the commonly occurring (deafness, autism, etc.), or the incredibly

rare (prosopagnosia, loss of vestibular sense, etc.). The possibilities are staggering so do not rely

on my examples for your topic.

Describe the behavioral and mental outcomes that accompany the sensory issues you read

about. Imagine and describe what your daily routine would look like. Also, explain at least two

different potential causes for the disability. For example, blindness could be either sensation

based or perception based so you would explain how both of those could occur and where the

problem would be. If necessary, explain how the different causes would relate to different

behaviors, mental processes, or perceptions. Finally, explain how those types of sensation or

perception problems could be fixed (assuming the technology exists).

Be sure to be descriptive in your writing and be careful to not omit necessary

information. Think seriously about your topic and try to imagine yourself experiencing these

difficulties. After completing the first section, conclude by answering these questions: 1) if you

had to lose one of your senses, which would you choose? 2) Why would you choose that one? 3)

Which of your senses are you least willing to lose? 4) Why is that one so important to you?

Your assignment should be typed in APA format. Please use your book as a reference

about the sensory/perceptual information information. You may google search the

disability/malfunction. It must be original work. I will do plagiarism checks, so be sure to cite all

work (reminder: if you reword something you need to cite it, because it was not your original

research). Your final paper should be approximately 2 pages, and will count as 1 extra credit

point toward your final grade. Papers are due in class on March 8.

 
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Kingdom Animalia: The Invertebrates

Kingdom Animalia: The Invertebrates

Margaret Vorndam, M.S. Version 42-0072-00-01

Lab RepoRt assistant

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

obseRvations

Data Table 1: Phylum Porifera
Morphology:

Level of

Organization

Ecology

Where

found

Nutrition Reproduction Symmetry Environmental

Role

           
Data Table 2: Phylum Cnidaria/ Phylum Ctenophora
Morphology:

Level of

Organization

Ecology:

Where

found

Nutrition Reproduction Symmetry Environmental

Role

           
Data Table 3: Phylum Platyhelminthes
Morphology:

Level of

Organization

Ecology

Where

found

Nutrition Reproduction Symmetry Environmental

Role

           
Data Table 4: Phylum Nematoda
Morphology:

Level of

Organization

Ecology

Where

found

Nutrition Reproduction Symmetry Environmental

Role

           
Data Table 5: Phylum Rotifera
Morphology:

Level of

Organization

Ecology

Where

found

Nutrition Reproduction Symmetry Environmental

Role

           

Exercise 1: Porifera – The Sponges

2. Purchase a sponge skeleton from a Paint Department. Sponge skeletons are currently popular as paint applicators. Using a hand lens, identify the pores, the spicules and the spongin. What parts of the sponge are no longer present? To which class would the specimen likely belong?

3. Make a drawing of your purchased specimen, and label the parts that you are able to identify. Place your drawing here:

Questions

A. List several beneficial uses of sponges. What is their role in their environment? Could we live without them?

B. List several detrimental effects of sponges, if any.

C. Why are sponges classified as animals?

D. Even though adult sponges do not relocate, why can the species still be considered motile? What is the advantage to the species?

Exercise 2: Phylum Cnidaria and Phylum Ctenophora

Questions

A. List several beneficial aspects of cnidarians. What is their role in their environment? Could we live without them?

B. Why is there concern over the disappearance of the world’s coral reefs?

C. List several detrimental effects of cnidarians, if any.

D. Why are cnidarians classified as animals?

Exercise 3: Phylum Platyhelminthes

3. Do an online search on one of the following parasites to determine its hosts and cycle. Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke), Dipylidium caninum and Taenia (Dog tapeworms), schistosomiasis, and Chinese liver flukes. Write a report on findings. Place your report here:

Questions

A. List several beneficial aspects of platyhelminths. What is their role in their environment? Could we live without them?

B. List several detrimental effects of platyhelminths.

C. List several ways that platyhelminths show increasing specialization over the phyla that you have studied so far.

Exercise 4: Phylum Nematoda

pRoceduRe

1. View the prepared Trichinella slide under a microscope and draw a picture of your specimen. Label the following: pseudocoelom, dorsal nerve network, muscle layer, brain, and mouth. Place your drawing here:

2. Research and describe its life cycle. What stage of its life cycle is represented on the slide?

4. Do an online search on one of parasites mentioned in this section to determine its hosts and cycle. Ascaris lumbricoides can be added to your choices. Write a short report on your findings. Include your references in correct citation syntax. Place your report here:

Questions

A. List several beneficial aspects of nematodes. What is their role in their environment? Could we live without them?

B. List several detrimental effects of nematodes.

C. List several ways that nematodes show increasing specialization over the phyla that you have studied so far.

Exercise 5: Phylum Rotifera

pRoceduRe

2. Do an online search on rotifers. Brachionus is a typical genus example. Write a short report on your findings. Place your report here:

Questions

A. List several beneficial aspects of rotifers. What is their role in their environment? Could we live without them?

B. List several detrimental effects of rotifers, if any.

C. List several ways that rotifers show increasing specialization over the phyla that you have studied so far.

LaboRatoRy summaRy

What have you learned from doing this laboratory that you did not know before you began it?

 
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Circulation Questions

CIRCULATION REVIEW ANATOMY II

1. Which artery is associated with the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

2. In deep venous return of the upper extremity, the vein returning blood on the lateral side of the forearm is

3. The medial boundary of the femoral triangle is formed by the

4. The artery that passes through the inguinal ligament is

5. Which vessel is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery?

6. Which cavity does the hypogastric artery supply?

7. The first branch of the arch of the aorta is

8. The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the

9. The femoral artery, while in the femoral triangle, is bounded laterally by the

10. Vessels that carry blood toward the heart are called

11. The cystic artery supplies blood to the

12. Hunter’s Canal is also called

13. The brachial artery is a continuation of the

14. The vessel that supplies the tongue is called the

15. Where does the left common carotid artery originate (not looking for a vessel)

16. Which vein collects blood from the deep structures of the brain?

17. In which heart chamber does pulmonary circulation begin?

18. Which artery passes through Hunter’s Canal?

19. Which artery begins at the opening of the adductor magnus muscle?

20. How many left bronchial arteries are there?

21. Which vessel supplies the distal 1/2 of the large intestines?

22. Which vessels supply the superior aspect of the diaphragm?

23. The external iliac vein arises as a continuation of the

24. The maxillary artery is a branch of the

25. Which vessels supply the glands that are situated on top of the kidneys?

26. The second branch of the aortic arch is

27. The vessel that supplies the sacrum and coccyx is called

28. In relation to the internal jugular vein, the common carotid artery lies (give 2 answers)

29. Which artery begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle?

30. The posterior facial vein and the posterior auricle vein unite and form the

31. Which vessels extend to the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage?

32. The external iliac artery continues as the

33. Where does the portal system terminate?

34. Which artery terminates at the opening of the adductor magnus muscle?

35. Which vessel supplies the liver?

36. In superficial venous return of the upper extremity, the vein on the medial side of the forearm is

37. The vertebral arteries arise from the

38. The internal carotid artery is the main blood supply to the

39. The artery that supplies the anterior portion of the heart

40. Which artery begins at a point behind the center of the inguinal ligament?

41. The right common carotid artery branches from the

42. The small saphenous vein is a tributary to the

43. The left ovarian vein is a tributary to the

44. The superficial vein of the medial side of the lower extremity is called

45. The external jugular vein terminates by emptying into the

46. The basilar artery bifurcates into the

47. The internal iliac artery supplies the organs of this cavity

48. The lateral boundary of the anterior cervical is formed by the

49. The hepatic vein is a tributary to the

50. What type of blood do the pulmonary arteries carry?

51. Which vessel is formed by the union of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein?

52. The cephalic vein is a tributary to the

53. The terminal branches of the abdominal aorta are

54. Which artery begins at the lateral border of the first rib?

55.Which artery terminates at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle?

56.> Name the branches of the posterior tibial artery

57.>

58. >

59. > Name the 3 branches of the celiac artery

60. >

61. Which vessels deliver nourishment to the lungs?

62. Which vessel terminates at the lateral border of the first rib?

63. This anatomical landmark starts at the apex of Scarpa’s triangle

64. These vessels supply the outer layer of the heart

65. Which artery terminates at the inferior border of the teres major muscle?

66. When the basilic vein meets the brachial vein they form the?

67.> The terminal branches of the common carotid arteries are the

68.>

69. In relation to the trachea, the aortic arch lies

70. Which vessels supply the posterior portion of the scalp?

71. This vessel is located just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle (you may not know this, it’s and anatomical guide you can get the answer from the Embalming Text)

72. Which vessel supplies the inferior portion of the thyroid gland?

73. Which vessel connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries?

74. The superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein form the

75. Which vessel is a continuation of the femoral artery?

76. The right common carotid artery originates from (not looking for a vessel)

77. If you make an incision along the inferior border of the mandible, which vessels would you raise (you can get this answer from the Embalming Text)

78. Which vessel terminates at a point over the pisiform bone?

79. The vertebral arteries unite to form the

80. What is the venae comite to the brachial artery? (you can get this from the Embalming Text)

81. The anatomical guide for this vessel is along the medial border of the psoas major muscle (you can get this from the Embalming text)

82. In relation to the femoral artery, the femoral vein lies (give 2 answers)

83. The gastroduodenal vein is a tributary to

84.>

85.> Name the three unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta

86.>

87. Which vessel terminates at a point over the base of the thumb?

88. Of the three branches of the aortic arch, which supplies blood to the right upper extremity?

89. Where does the aortic arch begin?

90. What nerves are located in the axilla?

91. Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

92. Where does the popliteal artery terminate____________________________________________________?

93. Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery_______________________________________?

94. Where does the left common carotid artery begin?__________________________________________?

95. Where does the posterior tibial artery terminate________________________________________________?

96. Where does the brachial artery begin________________________________________________________?

97. What is the longest vein in the body________________________________________________________?

98. Where does the femoral artery terminate____________________________________________________?

99. Where does the subclavian artery terminate__________________________________________________?

100. Where does the aortic arch begin__________________________________________________________?

101. Where does the radial artery terminate_____________________________________________________?

102. Where does the posterior tibial artery begin_________________________________________________?

103. Where does the internal carotid artery begin_________________________________________________?

104. Where does the axillary artery begin______________________________________________________?

105. Where does the ascending aorta begin______________________________________________________?

106. Where does the ulnar artery terminate_____________________________________________________?

107. Where does the right common carotid artery begin____________________________________________?

108. The thoracic aorta extends from _______________________ t o _________________________.

109. Where does the radial artery begin_________________________________________________________?

110. Where does the popliteal artery begin_______________________________________________________?

111. Where does the femoral artery begin_______________________________________________________?

112. What is the widest vein in the body________________________________________________________?

113. The common iliac vein is formed by the_____________________________ & ______________________

114. The IVC is located to the_______________ of the __________________________________________

115. Where does the external iliac artery terminate_______________________________________________?

116. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called

117. The anterior tibial artery continues as the

118. What is the third branch of the aortic arch.?

119. This anatomical landmark begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and runs through the adductor magnus muscle

120. In superficial venous return of the lower extremity, what is the vein on the lateral side?

121. How does the internal carotid artery gain access into the skull?

122. Name the openings and the number of each through which the vertebral arteries pass

123. The femoral vein continues as the

The aortic arch starts at 124._________and runs 125._____to the 126.______, swings posteriorly and to the 127.______, behind the 128._____________ and becomes the descending aorta at 129.__________. The descending aorta passes through the 130.____________in the diaphragm and terminates at 131.______.

132. The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the

133. Which two veins form the portal vein?

134. Which two veins form the axillary vein?

135. Name the three divisions of the aorta

136. The great saphenous vein is a tributary to

Try these blood tracings It’s easier if you do flow charts!!!!

137. Describe arterial flow to the right upper extremity — see if you can include anatomical limits as well )

138. Describe arterial flow to the left superficial side of the head neck, etc. and its venous return.

139. Describe pulmonary circulation from the time it leaves the heart to its return

140. Describe the arterial flow to the lower extremity (right or left)

141. Describe superficial venous return of the upper extremity

142. Describe coronary circulation

143. Describe deep venous return of the lower extremity

145. Describe deep venous return of the upper extremity.

 
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“Apoptosis, Crossover, and Tumor-suppressor genes”

“Apoptosis, Crossover, and Tumor-suppressor genes”

For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1

: Apoptosis. Watch the Khan Academy video about apoptosis (1)*, then address the following issues in your own words:

  • (a) What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?
  • (b) What is the role of apoptosis in the normal, healthy development of animals?
  • Reminder: you don’t need to cite the Khan Academy video for this topic, but if you use any other sources, you must cite them.

Topic 2 [article]: Crossover. Read the article from the University of Rochester on a gene that influences crossover rates in fruit flies. Then address the following:

  • (a)  Explain the relationship between crossover, genetic diversity, and natural selection.
  • (b)  Summarize the findings regarding a gene that influences crossover.
  • Reminder: you don’t need to cite the University of Rochester article for this topic, but if you use any other sources, you must cite them.

Topic 3 [research]: Tumor-suppressor genes versus Proto-oncogenes. This is a library-research topic in which you are required to provide your sources. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can contribute to or cause cancer, just as mutations in proto-oncogenes can also contribute to or cause cancer. However, tumor suppressor genes are very different from proto-oncogenes.

  • (a) Explain why a gain-of-function mutation to a proto-oncogene (or its promoter) may be associated with increased risk of cancer.
  • (b) Explain why a loss-of-function mutation to a tumor suppressor gene may be associated with increased risk of cancer.

References:

  1. Khan Academy, No date given. Apoptosis

    , https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-molecular-biology/stem-cells-and-cancer/v/apoptosis

  2. Lindsey Valich, April 19, 2018. Scientists discover gene controlling genetic recombination rates. http://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/genetic-recombination-selfish-dna-may-help-explain-differences-in-fruit-flies-312422/
 
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