The Cell, Lokiarcharum, and the Chemicals of Life”

/in /by

posted 8 years ago (last edited 2 months ago)Anonymous Week 2 DiscussionCOLLAPSEOverall Rating:

“The Cell, Lokiarcharum, and the Chemicals of Life”

This week is all about the some of the smallest parts of life: atoms, molecules, and cells. For your primary post, please respond to one of the following two topics and address all questions. Also, reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1

: Introduction to the Cell. Watch the Khan Academy video “Introduction to the cell” (1)* and then address the following issues.

  • (a) In the video, the narrator says that we might think that since cells are so small, that they must be simple, but “nothing could be further from the truth.” What did he mean by that?
  • (b) Describe features that are only found in eukaryotic (but not prokaryotic) cells.
  • (c) Did anything in this video surprise you, or was it mainly a recap of material you already knew?

Topic 2 [article]: Lokiarchaeum. Read about Lokiarcheum in the article by Yong (2)* and/or the article by Zimmer (3)*. Both articles describe recently discovered evidence about a previously unknown organism. Then, address the following questions:

  • (a) Lokiarchaeum may be a “transitional form” between archaea and eukarya. What evidence suggests this?
  • (b) Describe one way that this relates to this week’s lesson.

Topic 3

: Chemicals of Life Video. (added on 1/8/2018)  Watch Dr. Cox’s video on the “Chemicals of Life” (4)* in the “Instructor Insights” area of Week 2. Then, describe three things you learned from this video.

Note:  To get credit for this topic, your post must be based on the video. Answers based on other materials will receive a grade of zero.

References (in Strayer Writing Standards format).

  1. Khan Academy, November 29, 2017. Introduction to the cell,  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KfHxF6Vhps
  2. Ed Yong, May 6, 2015. New Loki microbe is closest relative to all complex life, http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2015/05/06/new-loki-microbe-is-closest-relative-to-all-complex-life/
  3. Carl Zimmer, May 6, 2015, Under the sea, a missing link in the evolution of complex cells,http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/07/science/under-the-sea-a-missing-link-in-the-evolution-of-complex-cells.html?_r=0
  4. James Cox, July 12, 2016, The Chemicals of Life (revised). Kaltura video found in Week 2 – Instructor Insights section.
 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

Most plants carry out ____ photosynthesis.

/in /by

Question 1 (1 point)

Question 1 Unsaved

_________ reactions are “break-down” reactions that have a net release of energy.

Question 1 options:

  anabolic
  catabolic
  endergonic
  dehydration

Question 2 (1 point)

Question 2 Unsaved

A ____________ allows a reaction to occur more readily and at a lower energy level than it would without this molecule.

Question 2 options:

  protein
  starch
  catalyst
  steroid

Question 3 (1 point)

Question 3 Unsaved

Which of the following is not true about enzyme names?

Question 3 options:

  Based on what the enzyme reacts with
  Ends in –ase
  Base on how the enzyme reacts
  Ends in –ate

Question 4 (1 point)

Question 4 Unsaved

Enzymes are completely used up or altered during one reaction.

Question 4 options:

  True
  False

Question 5 (1 point)

Question 5 Unsaved

All chemical reactions require an initial input of energy call the __________ energy.

Question 5 options:

  catalytic
  enzymatic
  activation
  substrate

Question 6 (1 point)

Question 6 Unsaved

Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in __________ within the chloroplasts.

Question 6 options:

  thylakoinds
  cell wall
  ATP
  stroma

Question 7 (1 point)

Question 7 Unsaved

Which of the following is not a component of ATP?

Question 7 options:

  ribose
  base
  3 phosphate groups
  NADPH

Question 8 (1 point)

Question 8 Unsaved

The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis can take place in dark or light conditions.

Question 8 options:

  True
  False

Question 9 (1 point)

Question 9 Unsaved

____ photosynthesizers partition the process by time of day.

Question 9 options:

  C3
  C4
  CAM
  all

Question 10 (1 point)

Question 10 Unsaved

cMost plants carry out ____ photosynthesis.

Question 10 options:

  C3
  C4
  CAM
  no
 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

BIO 299 Pathology/Microbial-Environmental Interactions Paper

/in /by

BIO 299 Pathology/Microbial-Environmental Interactions Paper

You will pick a microorganism for your paper on pathology or microbe-environment interactions. The organism cannot be one of the ones your instructor goes over during lecture listed in the syllabus. Select a pathogen/microbe from current events that is an emerging or reemerging concern to you or people in your area. Provide local epidemiological data/statistics for the organism.

Note this cannot be covid-19, Ebola, flu, clostridium botulinum, Hepatitis C, Anthrax, MRSA. These has been discussed already. Choose something in Africa or the US. 

Your paper must include:

Introduction to the organism (structure, cell type, morphology, metabolic requirements, natural reservoir, history, etc.)

Introduction to the disease(s) caused by the organism (epidemiology, signs, symptoms, etc.) OR introduction to the environmental impact of the organism

List and describe factors employed by the organism to assist in its growth, reproduction, culture conditions, host/pathogen interactions and/or virulence. (e.g., nitrogen fixation, symbiotic interactions etc.) Categorize virulence factors by mechanisms of action (Immunity Avoidance, Tissue/Cell Lysis, Colonization/Spread)

Discussion of treatment/prevention options for the disease(s) caused by the organism (Antibiotics or other chemotherapeutics given as part of treatment and their mechanisms of action, Vaccines available and type)

The paper should be a minimum of 5 pages of relevant and informative material that covers all of the content and requirements listed below and in the rubric. The 5 pages does not include the title and reference pages. The paper should thoroughly inform the reader.

APA format. This includes citations and references.

Title page must have a title, student name, instructor name, course title, and date.

No direct quotes; put information into your own words or paraphrase.

Minimum of three (3) primary and at least two (2) secondary scholarly sources, plus any other references used. You also must include in-text citations.

1-inch margins

Double-spaced

12 point, Times New Roman

After uploading to Turnitin, your paper will be scored for similarity. Anything above 18% similarity should be worked on further and uploaded again before the due date.

Over 18 % similarity and/or no references will result in an automatic zero on the paper.

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

MICRO BIOLOGY

/in /by

PART A

Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008.

When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus.

Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not?

Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself?

Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill

PART B

Summary:

Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses.

1. Precisely what is microbial death?

2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent?

3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording?

4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance.

PART A

Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008.

When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus.

Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not?

Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself?

Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill

 

PART B

Summary:

Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses.

 

1. Precisely what is microbial death?

2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent?

3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording?

4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance.

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"