Theories of Human Development Across the Life Span

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Discussion – Week 10

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Discussion: Theories of Human Development Across the Life Span

As a social worker, you will never have the privilege of seeing a client grow and evolve over the entire length of their life. Even if you do work with a client for a long time, you won’t witness their evolution firsthand; rather, the client will convey to you what they are experiencing. For the purposes of the HBSE I and II courses, though, you have gotten this front-row seat into someone else’s life. You have seen Ray navigate hardship in childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and now later adulthood. You have seen him find a sense of joy and meaning.

Through Ray’s case, you can refine your application of human development theories in the context of an aging client who has lived a full life. For this Discussion, you do just that, selecting a theory and examining how it illuminates Ray’s life.

To Prepare:

  • Review the case of Ray, as presented in animated videos      throughout this course and HBSE I. Consider the trajectory of Ray’s life,      key life events, and his biological, psychological, social, and spiritual      development. Select one area of his life on which to focus your post.
  • Select a theory of human development throughout the      life span to apply to Ray’s experience. This may be a theory described in      this or other weeks’ Learning Resources, or you may select a theory based      on personal research.

By 02/02/2021
Post your application of a theory of human development to Ray’s life. How does the theory deepen your understanding of Ray’s experience? How might this application of theory assist you as a social worker engaging with Ray? Finally, what does Ray’s example tell you about the human spirit, resiliency, and the capacity to evolve?

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Required Readings

Hutchison, E. D. (2019). An update on the relevance of the life course perspective for social work. Families in Society, 100(4), 351–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044389419873240

Smith-Osborne, A. (2007). Life span and resiliency theory: A critical review. Advances in Social Work, 8(1), 152–168. https://doi.org/10.18060/138

Zacher, H., & Froidevaux, A. (2021). Life stage, lifespan, and life course perspectives on vocational behavior and development: A theoretical framework, review, and research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103476

Document: Life Span Interview (PDF)

Required Media

Meet Ray: Age 69 to 87

Time Estimate: 2 minutes

Transcript – Meet Ray: Age 69 to 87 [PDF]

Walden University, LLC. (2021). Theories of human development [Interactive media]. https://class.waldenu.edu

Follow Rubric

Initial Posting: Content

14.85 (49.5%) – 16.5 (55%)

Initial posting thoroughly responds to all parts of the Discussion prompt. Posting demonstrates excellent understanding of the material presented in the Learning Resources, as well as ability to apply the material. Posting demonstrates exemplary critical thinking and reflection, as well as analysis of the weekly Learning Resources. Specific and relevant examples and evidence from at least two of the Learning Resources and other scholarly sources are used to substantiate the argument or viewpoint.

Follow-Up Response Postings: Content

6.75 (22.5%) – 7.5 (25%)

Student thoroughly addresses all parts of the response prompt. Student responds to at least two colleagues in a meaningful, respectful manner that promotes further inquiry and extends the conversation. Response presents original ideas not already discussed, asks stimulating questions, and further supports with evidence from assigned readings. Post is substantive in both length (75–100 words) and depth of ideas presented.

Readability of Postings

5.4 (18%) – 6 (20%)

Initial and response posts are clear and coherent. Few if any (less than 2) writing errors are made. Student writes with exemplary grammar, sentence structure, and punctuation to convey their message.

Discussion – Week 10

 

Top of Form

Discussion: Theories of Human Development Across the Life Span

As a social worker, you will never have the privilege of seeing a client grow and evolve over the entire length of their life. Even if you do work with a client for a long time, you won’t witness their evolution firsthand; rather, the client will convey to you what they are experiencing. For the purposes of the HBSE I and II courses, though, you have gotten this front-row seat into someone else’s life. You have seen Ray navigate hardship in childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and now later adulthood. You have seen him find a sense of joy and meaning.

Through Ray’s case, you can refine your application of human development theories in the context of an aging client who has lived a full life. For this Discussion, you do just that, selecting a theory and examining how it illuminates Ray’s life.

To Prepare:

 

· Review the case of Ray, as presented in animated videos throughout this course and HBSE I. Consider the trajectory of Ray’s life, key life events, and his biological, psychological, social, and spiritual development. Select one area of his life on which to focus your post.

· Select a theory of human development throughout the life span to apply to Ray’s experience. This may be a theory described in this or other weeks’ Learning Resources, or you may select a theory based on personal research.

 

By 02/02/2021 Post your application of a theory of human development to Ray’s life. How does the theory deepen your understanding of Ray’s experience? How might this application of theory assist you as a social worker engaging with Ray? Finally, what does Ray’s example tell you about the human spirit, resiliency, and the capacity to evolve?

Bottom of Form

 

Required Readings

 

Hutchison, E. D. (2019). An update on the relevance of the life course perspective for social work. Families in Society, 100(4), 351–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044389419873240

 

 

Smith-Osborne, A. (2007). Life span and resiliency theory: A critical review. Advances in Social Work, 8(1), 152–168. https://doi.org/10.18060/138

 

 

Zacher, H., & Froidevaux, A. (2021). Life stage, lifespan, and life course perspectives on vocational behavior and development: A theoretical framework, review, and research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103476

 

 

Document: Life Span Interview (PDF)

 

Required Media

Meet Ray: Age 69 to 87

Time Estimate: 2 minutes

 

 

Transcript – Meet Ray: Age 69 to 87 [PDF]

 

 

Walden University, LLC. (2021). Theories of human development [Interactive media]. https://class.waldenu.edu

 

Follow Rubric

Initial Posting: Content

14.85 (49.5%) – 16.5 (55%)

Initial posting thoroughly responds to all parts of the Discussion prompt. Posting demonstrates excellent understanding of the material presented in the Learning Resources, as well as ability to apply the material. Posting demonstrates exemplary critical thinking and reflection, as well as analysis of the weekly Learning Resources. Specific and relevant examples and evidence from at least two of the Learning Resources and other scholarly sources are used to substantiate the argument or viewpoint.

 

Follow-Up Response Postings: Content

6.75 (22.5%) – 7.5 (25%)

Student thoroughly addresses all parts of the response prompt. Student responds to at least two colleagues in a meaningful, respectful manner that promotes further inquiry and extends the conversation. Response presents original ideas not already discussed, asks stimulating questions, and further supports with evidence from assigned readings. Post is substantive in both length (75–100 words) and depth of ideas presented.

 

Readability of Postings

5.4 (18%) – 6 (20%)

Initial and response posts are clear and coherent. Few if any (less than 2) writing errors are made. Student writes with exemplary grammar, sentence structure, and punctuation to convey their message.

 
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Euthanasia

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Possible Paper Topic 3 Euthanasia.pdf

 

Use the papers found in your textbook (RMP) from the section on Euthanasia and the videos below:

 

Terry Pratchett: Going to Die

 

https://documentaryheaven.com/terry-pratchett-choosing-to-die/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

 

24 and Read to Die

 

24 & ready to die | The Economist (Links to an external site.)

External URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWWkUzkfJ4M

 

Crash Course:

 

Assisted Death & The Value of Life: Crash Course Philosophy #45

 

Questions for Exam 2 (your options).pdf

 

Abortion

1. What according to Warren are the 5 conditions for personhood? Why is it relevant to the abortion debate?

2. What is a necessary/sufficient condition? Give examples. What does it have to do with the abortion debate?

3. What is the traditional argument against abortion? Is it valid?

4. Why is the notion of personhood important to the argument against abortion?

5. Explain why a fetus, according to Warren, does not have a right to life.

6. What is the space explorer analogy and what is it supposed to show?

7. What is (are) an (the) objection(s) to Warren’s argument against banning abortion? Are there any objections against it? Does she have any replies to those objection(s)? Are her replies any good? Explain why or why not.

8. What part of the traditional argument for the banning of abortion does Thompson attempt to undermine? (How does she go about doing so?)

9. What is the violinist example in the Thompson article? What is it meant to show?

10. What is Marquis’ thesis about? Why does he think killing of innocents is wrong?

11. What argument does Marquis’ propose instead of the traditional personhood argument?

12. What are the implications of Marquis’ argument against abortion?

13. What are the various answer that Marquis considers to the question of why killing is wrong? Which is the answer that he favors?

14. What is the discontinuation account of wrongful killing? How does it relate to Marquis’s argument?

Animal Ethics

15. What is “Speciesism”? Why is it wrong according to Singer? What are reasons for thinking this is a kind of unjust discrimination?

16. Explain why Singer thinks it is impossible to justify the principle of equality among humans on the basis of an actual, factual equality between humans.

17. Where should we draw the line between the beings who are worth of moral consideration, and the ones who are not, according to Singer?

18. On which notion of right does Machan base his claim that animals do not have rights? How does it relate to his argument about animal rights?

19. What is the fundamental difference between animals and humans according to Machan? How does it relate to his argument about animal rights?

20. What are four ways of responding to the Norcross’s “causal argument”? Explain them.

 

 

21. State and explain Singer’s response to the following objection: Animals and humans can’t be morally equal because they are factually very different from each other.

22. State and explain Singer’s response to the following objection: Humans and animals should not get equal treatment since this would involve absurdities like giving animals the right to vote and providing them with a high school education.

23. What is the difference between a consequentialist moral theory like utilitarianism and a rights view like Machan’s? Which factors do they consider when determining if an action is right/wrong? What is Machan’s criterion of moral standing? Is a tree morally considerable for Regan? What about a fetus or 1 year-old baby? Explain.

24. What makes a being sentient? Are there any living beings that are not sentient?

25. Must a utilitarian weigh animal and human pain equally when it is of the same intensity, duration, and quality? Could a utilitarian discount animal pain? Why or why not?

26. Does equal treatment require identical treatment? Why or why not? Give examples.

27. State, explain, and evaluate Tom Regan’s two criticisms of utilitarianism.

28. Do laws prohibiting abortion require pregnant women to act as Good Samaritans? Why or why not? What does Thomson say?

29. Explain the purpose of Thomson’s violinist example. Is it an effective way to present her defense of abortion? Why or why not?

30. On what premise does most opposition to abortion rest, according to Thomson? What does Thomson think of this premise? What role does it play in her argument?

31. Does the question of abortion’s moral status hinge on whether a fetus is considered a person? In your answer, be sure to explain what you mean by “person” and compare your view to those of Warren and Thomson.

32. Do some fetuses have more valuable futures than others? Why or why not? What implications does your answer have for the abortion debate? In explaining your position, be sure to make reference to Marquis’s argument about the immorality of abortion.

33. What two considerations does Marquis argue support the claim that killing a being with a valuable future is wrong? How much support do these claims lend to Marquis’s central claim? What other considerations, if any, may lend additional support to Marquis’ conclusion?

34. Do you think there is a “sharp line,” with some animals having rights and some not? If so, how should we decide where to draw that line? If there is no sharp line, must we say that all animals have rights, or that none do?

35. Do animals possess rights? What about human beings who lack moral capacity (e.g., those with severe intellectual disabilities)? Do we have any obligations to beings that lack rights? Be sure to address Machan’s arguments in your answer.

 

 

 

Sex Ethics

1. Evaluate and outline (in your answer) McMurtry’s arguments against monogamous marriage. Examine the four principles that he attacks. Are his arguments convincing? Explain your answer.

2. What does Russell focus on in “Our Sexual Ethics” (don’t just say “how we sex”)? What are his criticisms of it (and reasons for)? What does he claim that we have to do to make it better? Do you agree with him? Why or Why not?

Chp 13

1. What is a “maxim” for Kant? What role do maxims play in Kant’s ethics? Provide an example of a maxim and explain how it would figure in the moral assessment of an action in Kant’s view.

2. Explain what Kant means when he says that the human being is an “end in itself.” What does this imply about how human beings are to be treated?

3. Is it ever morally acceptable to lie? What does Kant say? Do you agree with him? Why or why not?

4. Under what conditions does an act have moral worth, according to Kant? Give an example to illustrate this idea. Do you find Kant’s position plausible? What do you think is the strongest objection to it?

Chp 14

1. A number of popular TV shows and films in recent years (e.g., The Daily Show, The Colbert Report, Da Ali G Show, Borat) have gotten big laughs by involving unsuspecting people in interviews, conversations, and other interactions that the shows’ producers and viewers know to be absurd hoaxes. What do you think Kant would make of this trend in comedy? If you are familiar with any shows of this type, it might be helpful to develop your answer with reference to specific examples.

2. Suppose if you tell one lie, (and thereby treat a rational agent as a mere means), you may prevent five other people from being used as mere means. Should you tell the lie? Would it violate the categorical imperative? Why or why not? How might this case be used as an objection to Kant?

3. You may either repay a debt you owe and your family will starve to death, or you may break your promise and feed your family. Which choice would you make? How would O’Neill evaluate your decision?

Chp 15

1. Mill mentions those who object to utilitarianism on the grounds that it holds humanity to an excessively high moral standard. Why might someone make this argument? How does Mill respond to it? What is your view: Are the requirements of utilitarianism excessively demanding? Why or why not?

2. Someone who saves a person from drowning in the hopes of being paid for it is acting morally according to Mill. Why does he say this? Would Kant agree? Do you? Why or why not?

3. What is the greatest happiness principle? On what does it make the rightness of our actions depend? Do you think it provides a reliable guide to our moral obligations? Why or why not?

 

 

4. What is the only thing that is desirable for its own sake according to Mill? How does he argue for this claim? Do you agree with him? Can you supply a counterexample?

Chp 16

1. With the cruise ship you’ve been traveling on sinking fast, you and several of your shipmates scramble toward one of the few available lifeboats. Eight of you manage to make on it board; the problem is, the boat can seat only six safely. If all eight remain on the boat, it will sink, and everyone will drown. No one volunteers to leave, but the man next to you recommends ganging up to throw overboard the two heaviest passengers, sacrificing their lives to spare the other six. Would a utilitarian agree to this plan? Why or why not? How about you? That is, would you help push two passengers into the sea?

2. Do you find utilitarianism’s moral standards too demanding? Why or why not?

3. Which of the objections Pojman discusses do you think is the most powerful challenge to utilitarianism? Can you provide a better reply than that offered by Pojman?

Chp 17

1. Can you think of any examples of feelings or actions that might be morally right for one person but not for another? What would Aristotle say about this?

2. Aristotle claims that “virtue is a kind of mean.” What does he mean by this, and how does he argue for it? Is this an illuminating way of thinking about the virtues?

3. Do you have to be a virtuous person to perform a virtuous action? If you do, does this present a problem for Aristotle’s account of how virtue is acquired? If you do not, explain how it is possible for someone who lacks a particular virtue—courage, for example—to do something courageous.

4. What role does education play in the good life, according to Aristotle? What sorts of education and training does he think are required if we are to become virtuous? Do you agree?

Chp 18

1. Driver suggests that virtue ethics is intuitively appealing because we often deliberate about moral problems by reflecting on what admirable people would do. Do you agree that such reflection is useful when resolving moral dilemmas?

2. Driver considers the objection that virtue ethics is not action guiding. Present the objection and her reply. How compelling is the objection? Must a moral theory always give agents clear instruction on how to act?

3. What is the doctrine of the mean? Offer your own example of a virtue that can be modeled on this doctrine and an example of one that cannot be adequately modeled.

4. The virtuous person does the right thing and is happy to do so. It comes easily. The “continent” person does the right thing but it requires effort. Should we think more of the person that wants to be moral or the person who overcomes a desire not to be moral?

 

 

 

Chp 19

1. What makes the ethics of care of different from other moral theories? Do you see it as an appropriate approach to moral problems? Why or why not?

2. What role does emotion play in the ethics of care? How does Held conceive its relation to reason in ethical deliberation?

3. According to Held, care ethics places significant weight on the emotions. Why does Held think the emotions are important to proper thinking about morality? Do you agree with her argument? Why or why not?

4. Held claims that, unlike dominant moral theories, care ethics does not try to abstract or universalize; rather, it focuses on attending to the needs of particular, dependent others. Do you think this is a virtue of the theory or a vice? Explain your answer.

Chp 20

1. What does Hobbes mean by the “war of every man against every man”? Is it possible to escape this condition? If so, how?

2. What is Hobbes’s conception of human nature? Given this account of human nature, what does he think life would be like in the absence of government? Do you agree with him about this? Why or why not?

3. Do you think everyone has a natural right to all things? Why or why not? What does Hobbes say about this?

Chp 21

1. Rawls states, “Injustice, then, is simply inequalities that are not to the benefit of all.” Do you agree with this claim? Why or why not? How does this conception of injustice manifest itself in Rawls’s theory?

2. Can you think of an example of a current social policy that people in the original position would not agree to adopt? How about one they would? In explaining your answer, be sure to make reference to Rawls’s two principles of justice.

3. Try to put on the veil of ignorance and imagine yourself in the original position. Are the principles Rawls identifies the same as those you would choose? Why or why not?

 

Possible Paper Topic 2 Privacy and the Security State.pdf

 

You should start with the CitizenFour documentary:

 

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4044364/

 

You must use at least one of these sources (better to use two or more) to back up your argument.

 

PBS/Frontline DOC with a ton of details:

 

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/united-states-of-secrets/

 

Other resources you can use:

 

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/may/07/surveillance-privacy-philosophy-data- internet-things

 

https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/internet-ethics/resources/why-we-care-about-privacy/

 

https://www.philosophytalk.org/tags/privacy

 

http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3111&context=lcp

 

Surveillance Ethics

 

https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/departments/philosophy/ethics/media/privacy_- _a_philosophical_overview.pdf

 

Oceanic enemy

 

 

 

 

 

exam2instructions.pdf

 

Instructions:

 

From the attached SG, you will choose 3 questions from the list of questions on the study guide. You must choose all three from separate sections/chapters.

 

General Advice: Write like you are speaking to another student who is not enrolled in our class. They have interest but do not have the context or the background necessary to understand your answer. So, you should ELABORATE, GIVE EXAMPLES, PUT THINGS IN CONTEXT, and/or everything else that may help you explain your answer to your buddy.

 

Remember to ask yourself all the important checklist type questions:

 

Did I answer every part of the question?

 

Did I fully explain any concepts, ideas, thought experiments, arguments, etc… necessary for a layperson to understand your answer to the question?

 

Did I base my answers on what I learned from class (the lectures, the textbook, our discussions, related coursework, etc…)?

 

Did I provide reasons for my own claims (backed up my claims with evidence, logic, or sensible assumptions (depends on the context*)?

 

As a shorthand (rough guide), did I write 2 paragraphs (6 to 10 sentences each) or more?

 

Did I use examples to illustrate points or concepts?

 

For awesome answers: Did I cite the textbook or primary readings? Did I draw connections between course subject matter and my life/literature/culture/society/etc…? Did I write a minimum of 3 long/detailed paragraphs or more?

 

paper2instructions.pdf

 

This being your second paper and your first truly argumentative one, I have done much of the work for you. In the paper folder, you have a list of extra sources and I have chosen the subject matter for you.

 

There are 5 conditions which must be fulfilled. However, you are ultimately responsible for choosing the topic and direction of your essay.

 

1.

 

Roughly 1500 -1800 words double-spaced (MINIMUM). It is permissible to go over the 1800 words if needed (no excuses about not knowing you could write more to fulfill the tasks)

 

2.

 

You must present an applied topic. The topic could be from a lecture or from outside lecture. If you choose to use a topic we did not cover in class you must verify the topic and readings with me before you begin.

 

a.

 

Example Topics: Freedom of speech, terror, euthanasia, etc…

 

b.

 

In presenting this topic, you should consider the notion of moral permissibility, not just preferred behaviors.

 

3.

 

You must use an objection that both applies generally to the theory and the situation. You must also attempt to meet/answer the objection.

 

 

 

4.

 

You must tie your applied topic into a previously covered theory of ethical evaluation. Examples:

 

Kant’s deontology, Mill’s utilitarianism, Ethics of Care, Virtue Ethics, Social Contract Morality (Hobbes or Rawls and his egalitarianism), or even one of the other theories (but they would need to do additional reading for clarification of the ideas).

 

5.

 

You must include one secondary source and provide a full MLA/APA/WHATEVER works cited page. (This means citing the articles we used IN CLASS)

 

*Most Importantly! (but optional) . You SHOULD meet with me to discuss your paper before you start writing it. I want to lead you in a successful direction. If you cannot meet with me during office hours, I can arrange to meet on Adobe Connect. You don’t have to, but it is highly recommended.

 

 

Note: Remember so many of our discussions about your first papers! Part of the difficulty of writing philosophy is organization. If you can organize your paper correctly, then the hard part is over. Check my website for a rough idea on how to write a philosophy paper.

 

Thesis Example: According to Mill, it seems as though Euthanasia would be morally permissible only if keeping an individual alive serves to decrease overall utility. In this essay, I will consider arguments against and in favor of Euthanasia. Ultimately, I will deem that Euhanasia is morally permissible.

 

Possible Paper Topic 1 Drugs and Drug War.pdf

 

Please follow the general instructions for your 2nd paper. This is meant as a default topic you can choose if you don’t want to go through the trouble of picking your own.

 

You must use at least one (meh, two is better) of the sources below (one video and one paper–in addition to textbook material you may use).

 

As a general rule, you should follow the general instructions while attempting to incorporate ideas from the course thus far. I discuss the default topic below but I have included a second possible topic (Privacy, see below) and I am willing to hear other ideas as long as it is more than 2 weeks before the paper is due. I will help you find the necessary sources for your analysis, so I need the extra time.

 

The default topic is a moral analysis of the drug war. You will be watching a documentary titled “The House I Live In” (linked to purchase to watch on youtube below). You will be considering the ethics of taking drugs, the effects of drug policy (The Drug War), and/or the medicinal use debate but you should focus on only one of those facets of drug use.

 

Here is a link to the youtube video:

 

 

You should also watch these videos, read these papers linked along with those in your textbook, and include the insights, arguments, and facts into your paper.

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aTbnO9I-TU (Clearing the Smoke: The Science of Cannibus)

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJUXLqNHCaI (Drug War video)

 

Papers:

 

http://www.owl232.net/papers/drugs.htm (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

 

https://www.utm.edu/staff/jfieser/class/300/3-drugs.htm

 

 

 

https://philpapers.org/archive/ANOCAA.pdf

 
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PHIL 201 QUIZ 8

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Question 1 

  1. Holmes believes that the Bible      comes closer to intuitionism than to natural-law theories.

True

False

3 points

Question 2 

  1. What is one of the two      alternatives to the consequentialist response to moral dilemmas of trying      to minimize the bad and maximize the good, do deontologists provide?

 

Rank the moral duties according to   the highest principles

 

Select the choice that has the best   consequences

 

Deny that moral dilemmas are possible

 

Do that which exhibits the highest   virtue

3 points

Question 3 

  1. In the Biblical sense, agape love      is defined as:

 

A self-giving sacrificial attitude

 

A commitment made between a man and   wife

 

A warm and generous feeling for   others

 

A whole-hearted desire to fulfill   one’s need for affection

3 points

Question 4 

  1. _______________ varies      significantly from person to person and culture to culture, seeming to      depend on moral training and cultural conditioning.

 

Natural Law

 

Intuition

 

Common Morality

 

Conscience

3 points

Question 5 

  1. Which of these is not one of      Holmes’ aspects of moral reasoning for Christians?

 

What universal human action spheres   are involved and what social institutions?

 

What are the essential purposes   inherent in the nature of the universal human activities and social   institutions?

 

How can the essential purposes best   be pursued with justice and love?

 

Are the universal human activities   and social institutions governed by common morality or Biblical truths?

3 points

Question 6 

  1. Aristotle saw virtues as habits of      mind that can be cultivated by deliberation about the choices we      constantly make and the ends or goals we desire.

True

False

3 points

Question 7 

  1. What did Thomas Aquinas say is      needed along with habituation of the virtues:

 

Induction

 

Inspiration

 

Intuition

 

Infusion

3 points

Question 8 

  1. How do virtues relate to God:

 

If God is the highest good, then   desiring the Good means desiring God and wanting to be like him.

 

If God is the epitome of every kind   of goodness, then desiring truth and beauty as well as moral character is   tacitly a desire for God.

 

Loving God entails that we love what   God loves, being good and doing good.

 

All of the above

3 points

Question 9 

  1. The moral life finds inspiration      and direction in a vision of  _________ that makes a person’s virtues      and his whole life story part of a particular moral tradition.

 

the Good

 

Tradition

 

Moral Theology

 

The future

3 points

Question 10 

  1. How is virtue acquired according      to MacIntyre?

 

By following continuous disciplined   practices in order to achieve a standard of excellence

 

By reading and comprehending the   theories about virtue ethics

 

Virtues are inherent and natural, so   they are acquired at creation

 

By praying and worshipping God   frequently

3 points

Question 11 

  1. What process did Jeremy Bentham      propose to quantify pleasure versus pain with regards to which action one      should take:

 

Hedonic Statistics

 

Hedonic Functions

 

Hedonic Ratio

 

Hedonic Calculus

3 points

Question 12 

  1. Which of the following is NOT an      example of hypothetical imperatives?

 

If you want to be accepted into   Harvard Law School, you must major in Pre-Law in college.

 

If you want to be healthy, then you   need to exercise every day.

 

If you drive through a red light,   then you believe it is okay for anyone to drive through a red light.

 

If you want to live in France, then   you need to know how to speak

3 points

Question 13 

  1. Holmes states that a      non-consequential decision is needed as to the _______ of consequence we      are to seek.

 

Quality

 

Value

 

Kind

 

Pleasure

3 points

Question 14 

  1. Which of these is NOT one of      Holmes’ conclusions concerning ethical egoism?

 

While Scripture assumes a legitimate   psychological self-interest, it is balanced by an ethical concern for others.

 

The highest motivation is a love for   God; from this flows true neighbor- love and self-love.

 

Scripture differs from egoism in that   egoism views people more individualistically.

 

We should follow the example of a   swarm of bees, each pursuing our own ends, yet by nature and God’s grace   producing a harmonious and peaceable realm.

3 points

Question 15 

  1. The term that states that the      value of persons is measured entirely in terms of people’s experiences is:

 

Empiricism

 

Egoism

 

utilitarianism

 

Hedonic Calulation

3 points

Question 16 

  1. Consequentialism is not interested      in keeping rules at all.

True

False

3 points

Question 17 

  1. According to deontology, what      justifies the means:

 

The consequences

 

Keeping the rules

 

They are self-justified

 

God

3 points

Question 18 

  1. Which view is typically more rule      oriented:

 

Consequentialism

 

Deontology

3 points

Question 19 

  1. Deontology is only interested in      keeping rules and does not care about results.

True

False

3 points

Question 20 

  1. Deontology would include which of      the following ideas:

 

rule oriented

 

pragmatic

 

doing right has extrinsic value

 

ends justifies the means

 
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Principles Of Health And Disease

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Assignment:

The goal of this benchmark assignment is to gauge your ability to research and report on common ailments. You are encouraged to expound on each item to show your depth of understanding.

Essays: (at least 300 words each)

  1. A 12 year old boy complains of achy joints usually after soccer practice. He complains of pain upon waking in the morning although pain lessens as he is more active during the day. He has been diagnosed with juvenile arthritis. What is the role of genes in the development of arthritis?
  2. Compare and contrast osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  3. A 79 year old male presents with a fever. Upon assessment it is noted that he has a large reddened area on his left calf. It is warm and tender to the touch. Compare and contrast the diagnosis of erysipelas and cellulitis. Which is the correct diagnosis? Why?
  4. Sally, a 43 year old female, is at her doctors for a regular checkup. During the exam, the doctor notices white patches inside Sally’s mouth. Sally tells the doctor that she noticed it as well but that it didn’t hurt so she wasn’t concerned. After Sally’s doctor asks a few more question, he finds out that she has been on antibiotics for just over a week. What is the correct diagnosis? What is the cause of these white patches and what treatment plan should be taken? Could Sally have prevented this outbreak?
 
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