SOCW 6200: Human Behavior and the Social Environment I

SOCW 6200: Human Behavior and the Social Environment I

Week 10

Project: Bio-Psycho-Social Assessment

Assessing a client’s biological, psychological, and social history is a holistic approach that is an essential aspect of social work practice. Since one area often affects the other two, it is important to get as accurate an assessment as possible when working with a client. Social workers use the bio-psycho-social tool to communicate specific information, and possible conclusions, about a client to other professionals. It is, at once, a summary of current issues and problems; a listing of past factors that may be relevant to the current situation; and a description of potential issues that may have an effect on the client in the future. In addition to describing the client’s challenges and problems, the assessment identifies strengths and assets that are available to provide support. For this Project you create a bio-psycho-social assessment.

By Day 7

Submit 9-page paper that focuses on an adolescent from one of the case studies presented in this course. For this Project, complete a bio-psycho-social assessment and provide an analysis of the assessment. This Project is divided into two parts:

Part A: Bio-Psycho-Social Assessment: The assessment should be written in professional language and include sections on each of the following:

  • Presenting      issue (including referral source)
  • Demographic      information
  • Current      living situation
  • Birth and      developmental history
  • School and      social relationships
  • Family      members and relationships
  • Health and      medical issues (including psychological and psychiatric functioning,      substance abuse)
  • Spiritual      development
  • Social,      community, and recreational activities
  • Client      strengths, capacities, and resources

Part B: Analysis of Assessment. Address each of the following:

  • Explain the      challenges faced by the client(s)—for example, drug addiction, lack of      basic needs, victim of abuse, new school environment, etc.
  • Analyze how      the social environment affects the client.
  • Identify      which human behavior or social theories may guide your practice with this      individual and explain how these theories inform your assessment.
  • Explain how      you would use this assessment to develop mutually agreed-upon goals to be      met in order to address the presenting issue and challenges face by the      client.
  • Explain how      you would use the identified strengths of the client(s) in a treatment      plan.
  • Explain how      you would use evidence-based practice when working with this client and      recommend specific intervention strategies (skills, knowledge, etc.) to      address the presenting issue.
  • Analyze the      ethical issues present in the case. Explain how will you address them.
  • Describe the      issues will you need to address around cultural competence.

Grading Criteria Rubric Detail.

Responsiveness to Directions

66.15 (27%) – 73.5 (30%)

Paper fully addresses all instruction prompts.

Content

55.12 (22.5%) – 61.25 (25%)

Paper demonstrates an excellent understanding of all of the concepts and key points presented in the text(s) and Learning Resources. Paper provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other sources, and discerning ideas.

Competency: Assess Individuals, Families,
Groups, Organizations, and Communities -Knowledge

11.03 (4.5%) – 12.25 (5%)

Student demonstrates excellent knowledge of theories of human behavior and the social environment. Student demonstrates an excellent ability to apply knowledge of theory when assessing a case study.

Competency: Assess Individuals, Families,
Groups, Organizations, and Communities -Skills

11.03 (4.5%) – 12.25 (5%)

Student demonstrates an excellent ability to complete a bio-psycho-social assessment based on a case study. Student fully and accurately assesses biological, psychological, and social components.

Competency: Intervene with Individuals, Families,
Groups, Organizations, and Communities –Cognitive and Affective Processes

11.03 (4.5%) – 12.25 (5%)

Student demonstrates excellent critical thought related to using assessment information to develop goals and explaining how to use client strengths in intervention.

Writing

66.15 (27%) – 73.5 (30%)

Paper is well organized, uses scholarly tone, follows APA style, uses original writing and proper paraphrasing, contains very few or no writing and/or spelling errors, and is fully consistent with graduate level writing style. Paper contains multiple, appropriate and exemplary sources expected/required for the assignment.

Week 10: Gender, Gender Identity, Gender Expression, Sexism, Power and Privilege

In order to understand and assess human behavior, one must be aware of the pressures that gender-based stereotypes have on people. Social workers need to understand how human diversity affects behavior.

—Zaslow, Kirst-Ashman and Hessenauer (2019, p. 418)

Gender expectations and gender roles are most evident when they are being violated. When people defy the gender roles that a particular society defines as “normal,” tension and pressure to conform to those roles arises. It is this tension that creates an impact on one’s personal and professional environment, as it can affect psychological development and impact behavior. This week consider the differences among gender, gender identity, and gender expression as they relate to power and privilege.

References

Zastrow, C. H., Kirst-Ashman, K. K., & Hessenauer, S. L. (2019). Understanding human behavior and the social environment (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Melchert, T. P. (2015). Treatment. In Biopsychosocial practice: A science-based framework for behavioral health care (pp. 211-233). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. 

Goldbach, J. T., & Gibbs, J. (2015). Strategies employed by sexual minority adolescents to cope with minority stress. Psychology Of Sexual Orientation And Gender Diversity, 2(3), 297-306.

Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Giga, N. M., Villenas, C., Danischewski, D. J., & Gay, L. (2016). The 2015 National School Climate Survey: The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Youth in Our Nation’s Schools. Executive Summary.

Steensma, T. D., Kreukels, B. C., de Vries, A. C., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Gender identity development in adolescence. Hormones And Behavior, 64(2), 288-297.

Document: BioPsychoSocial Assessment Template(Word document)

Required Media

Braly. J. (2002). Oliver’s pink bicycle [Audio file]. Retrieved from http://themoth.org/posts/stories/olivers-pink-bicycle

Here is the link to all articles

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/12yO_SlnZP1Gksr-8Jn1eGpW3P-264j4Q?usp=sharing

SOCW 6200 Final Project: Bio-Psycho-Social Assessment 

Submit by Day 7 a 6- to 9-page paper that focuses on an adolescent from one of the case studies presented in this course. For this assignment, complete a bio-psycho-social assessment and provide an analysis of the assessment. This assignment is divided into two parts (Part A & Part B):

Part A: Bio-Psycho-Social Assessment: The assessment should be written in professional language and include sections on each of the following:

1. Presenting issue (including referral source)

2. Demographic information

3. Current living situation

4. Birth and developmental history

5. School and social relationships

6. Family members and relationships

7. Health and medical issues (including psychological and psychiatric functioning, substance abuse)

8. Spiritual development

9. Social, community, and recreational activities

10. Client strengths, capacities, and resources

Part B: Analysis of Assessment. Address each of the following:

· Explain the challenges faced by the client(s)—for example, drug addiction, lack of basic needs, victim of abuse, new school environment, etc.

· Analyze how the social environment affects the client.

· Identify which human behavior or social theories may guide your practice with this individual and explain how these theories inform your assessment.

· Explain how you would use this assessment to develop mutually agreed-upon goals to be met in order to address the presenting issue and challenges face by the client.

· Explain how you would use the identified strengths of the client(s) in a treatment plan.

· Explain how you would use evidence-based practice when working with this client and recommend specific intervention strategies (skills, knowledge, etc.) to address the presenting issue.

· Analyze the ethical issues present in the case. Explain how will you address them.

· Describe the issues will you need to address around cultural competence.

 

BioPsychosocial History

[Template for Part A]

Name:

Date:

Agency:

DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Age:

Ethnicity:

Marital Status:

Date of Birth:

PRESENTING ISSUE(S)

Client Self-Assessment of Problem(s)/Reason(s) for Seeking Treatment/Motivation Onset/Duration/Intensity/Frequency Precipitating Stressors/Stressful Events Symptoms (in Client’s/Informant’s Own Words)

REFERRAL SOURCE

Who referred this individual for treatment? Was the informant a reliable historian?

Was information gleaned from previous treatment records, court documents, etc.?

CURRENT LIVING SITUATION

Living Situation

Dependents/Care for Dependents Employment/Disability/Seeking Disability Income/Source of Income

Insurance Transportation Daily Living Skills

Social/Leisure Activities

Available Social Support

BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY

A. PRENATAL/BIRTH/DEVELOPMENT

Pregnancy and Labor Developmental Milestone(s)

B. EARLY CHILDHOOD

Family of Origin—Parents/Siblings/Extended Family, as Relevant

Geographic/Cultural/Spiritual Factors/as Relevant

Abuse/Trauma History

Physical/Emotional/Sexual Abuse History

SCHOOL AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

This section should include information about social supports and the nature of those relationships; include current friendships, school/peer group experience, and military history, if applicable.

A. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Cultural/Peer Group/Environment School

Adolescence

B. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY

Public or Private School(s) Where Attended

Performance

Educational Level

Extracurricular Activities

C. MILITARY HISTORY What Branch

Duty Assignment (when/where) Rank/Discharge

FAMILY MEMBERS AND RELATIONSHIPS

A. SIGNIFICANT FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

Family member and relationship

Relationship dynamics

B. INTERPERSONAL/MARITAL HISTORY

Age of Involvement in Relationships

Sexual Orientation

Length of Relationships

Relationship Patterns/Problems

Partner’s Age/Occupation

HEALTH AND MEDICAL ISSUES

A. MEDICAL HISTORY/HEALTH STATUS

History of Traumatic Injuries/Illnesses/Chronic Health Problems

Describe Current Illness

Is Client in Good General Health?

Is Client Allergic to Any Medications? Who Is Client’s Primary Care Physician?

Is the Client Being Treated by Any Other Physician(s)?

What Are the Client’s Current Psychiatric and Nonpsychiatric Medications?

Describe Client’s Health Habits: Appetite, Sleep, Exercise, Nicotine, Alcohol, Illicit Drugs, and Vitamins/Herbal Supplements?

Sexual Functioning: Preference/Problems

Pregnancy/Birth Control

Risk Behaviors for STDs

B. MENTAL STATUS

Attitude/Appearance/Behavior Affect/Mood/Psychomotor Activity

Orientation/Memory/Cognition Thought Process/Content Speech

Insight/Judgment Homicidal/Suicidal Ideation Hallucination(s)/Delusion(s)

C. HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS AND PREVIOUS TREATMENT

Previous Diagnoses/Medications/Inpatient and Outpatient Treatment History of Suicidal Ideation/Suicide Attempts/Self-Mutilation/Homicidal Ideation/Aggression

E. SUBSTANCE ABUSE HISTORY

Type/Onset/Duration/Amount Frequency/Pattern of Use Involvement in Treatment

SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT

Religion/spirituality

SOCIAL, COMMUNITY, AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

CLIENT STRENGTHS, CAPACITIES AND RESOURCES

Cultural/ethnic factors

Personal strengths

Family/social resources

OTHER SIGNIFICANT FACTORS

SUMMARY

 

PART B

After completing the biopsychosocial assessment in part A, analyze the assessment according to the questions in the assignment directions. Use APA and scholarly writing to complete this portion of the assignment.

SOCW 6200 Final Project: Bio-Psycho-Social Assessment

 

Submit by Day 7 a 6- to 9-page paper that focuses on an adolescent from one of the case studies presented in this course. For this assignment, complete a bio-psycho-social assessment and provide an analysis of the assessment. This assignment is divided into two parts (Part A & Part B):

 

Part A: Bio-Psycho-Social Assessment: The assessment should be written in professional language and include sections on each of the following:

1. Presenting issue (including referral source)

2. Demographic information

3. Current living situation

4. Birth and developmental history

5. School and social relationships

6. Family members and relationships

7. Health and medical issues (including psychological and psychiatric functioning, substance abuse)

8. Spiritual development

9. Social, community, and recreational activities

10. Client strengths, capacities, and resources

 

Part B: Analysis of Assessment. Address each of the following:

· Explain the challenges faced by the client(s)—for example, drug addiction, lack of basic needs, victim of abuse, new school environment, etc.

· Analyze how the social environment affects the client.

· Identify which human behavior or social theories may guide your practice with this individual and explain how these theories inform your assessment.

· Explain how you would use this assessment to develop mutually agreed-upon goals to be met in order to address the presenting issue and challenges face by the client.

· Explain how you would use the identified strengths of the client(s) in a treatment plan.

· Explain how you would use evidence-based practice when working with this client and recommend specific intervention strategies (skills, knowledge, etc.) to address the presenting issue.

· Analyze the ethical issues present in the case. Explain how will you address them.

· Describe the issues will you need to address around cultural competence.

 

BioPsychosocial History

[Template for Part A]

 

Name:

Date:

Agency:

 

DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Age:

Ethnicity:

Marital Status:

Date of Birth:

 

PRESENTING ISSUE(S)

Client Self-Assessment of Problem(s)/Reason(s) for Seeking Treatment/Motivation Onset/Duration/Intensity/Frequency Precipitating Stressors/Stressful Events Symptoms (in Client’s/Informant’s Own Words)

 

REFERRAL SOURCE

Who referred this individual for treatment? Was the informant a reliable historian?

Was information gleaned from previous treatment records, court documents, etc.?

CURRENT LIVING SITUATION

Living Situation

Dependents/Care for Dependents Employment/Disability/Seeking Disability Income/Source of Income

Insurance Transportation Daily Living Skills

Social/Leisure Activities

Available Social Support

 

BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY

A. PRENATAL/BIRTH/DEVELOPMENT

Pregnancy and Labor Developmental Milestone(s)

B. EARLY CHILDHOOD

Family of Origin—Parents/Siblings/Extended Family, as Relevant

Geographic/Cultural/Spiritual Factors/as Relevant

Abuse/Trauma History

Physical/Emotional/Sexual Abuse History

 

SCHOOL AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

This section should include information about social supports and the nature of those relationships; include current friendships, school/peer group experience, and military history, if applicable.

A. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Cultural/Peer Group/Environment School

Adolescence

B. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY

Public or Private School(s) Where Attended

Performance

Educational Level

Extracurricular Activities

C. MILITARY HISTORY What Branch

Duty Assignment (when/where) Rank/Discharge

 

FAMILY MEMBERS AND RELATIONSHIPS

A. SIGNIFICANT FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

Family member and relationship

Relationship dynamics

B. INTERPERSONAL/MARITAL HISTORY

Age of Involvement in Relationships

Sexual Orientation

Length of Relationships

Relationship Patterns/Problems

Partner’s Age/Occupation

 

HEALTH AND MEDICAL ISSUES

A. MEDICAL HISTORY/HEALTH STATUS

History of Traumatic Injuries/Illnesses/Chronic Health Problems

Describe Current Illness

Is Client in Good General Health?

Is Client Allergic to Any Medications? Who Is Client’s Primary Care Physician?

Is the Client Being Treated by Any Other Physician(s)?

What Are the Client’s Current Psychiatric and Nonpsychiatric Medications?

Describe Client’s Health Habits: Appetite, Sleep, Exercise, Nicotine, Alcohol, Illicit Drugs, and Vitamins/Herbal Supplements?

Sexual Functioning: Preference/Problems

Pregnancy/Birth Control

Risk Behaviors for STDs

B. MENTAL STATUS

Attitude/Appearance/Behavior Affect/Mood/Psychomotor Activity

Orientation/Memory/Cognition Thought Process/Content Speech

Insight/Judgment Homicidal/Suicidal Ideation Hallucination(s)/Delusion(s)

C. HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS AND PREVIOUS TREATMENT

Previous Diagnoses/Medications/Inpatient and Outpatient Treatment History of Suicidal Ideation/Suicide Attempts/Self-Mutilation/Homicidal Ideation/Aggression

E. SUBSTANCE ABUSE HISTORY

Type/Onset/Duration/Amount Frequency/Pattern of Use Involvement in Treatment

 

SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT

Religion/spirituality

 

SOCIAL, COMMUNITY, AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

 

CLIENT STRENGTHS, CAPACITIES AND RESOURCES

Cultural/ethnic factors

Personal strengths

Family/social resources

 

OTHER SIGNIFICANT FACTORS

 

SUMMARY

PART B

After completing the biopsychosocial assessment in part A, analyze the assessment according to the questions in the assignment directions. Use APA and scholarly writing to complete this portion of the assignment.

 
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The Methodology Of Interbrand.Com For Brand Valuations

Chapter 7. Brands.

Initial Postings:  Read and reflect on the assigned readings for the week. Then post what you thought was the most important concept(s), method(s), term(s), and/or any other thing that you felt was worthy of your understanding in each assigned textbook chapter.Your initial post should be based upon the assigned reading for the week, https://paperwriters.xyz/uncategorized/read-the-methodology-of-interbrand-com-for-brand-valuations-how-might-you-improve-their-methods-and-the-sorts-of-measures-they-use-to-assess-brand-equity/ so the textbook should be a source listed in your reference section and cited within the body of the text. Other sources are not required but feel free to use them if they aid in your discussion.

Also, provide a graduate-level response to each of the following questions:

i. Read the methodology of Interbrand.com for brand valuations. How might you improve their methods and the sorts of measures they use to assess brand equity?

ii. What is one of your favorite brands (why)? What is a brand you hate (why)?

[Your post must be substantive and demonstrate insight gained from the course material. Postings must be in the student’s own words – do not provide quotes!]

[Your initial post should be at least 450+ words and in APA format (including Times New Roman with font size 12 and double spaced). Post the actual body of your paper in the discussion thread then attach a Word version of the paper for APA review]

 
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Advanced Pathophysiology Scenario

Week 1 Scenario: An 83-year-old resident of a skilled nursing facility presents to the emergency department with generalized edema of extremities and abdomen. History obtained from staff reveals the patient has a history of malabsorption syndrome and difficulty eating due to lack of dentures. The patient has been diagnosed with protein malnutrition.

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

· The role genetics plays in the disease.

· Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.

· The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.

· The cells that are involved in this process.

· How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

Week 1 Scenario: An 83-year-old resident of a skilled nursing facility presents to the emergency department with generalized edema of extremities and abdomen. History obtained from staff reveals the patient has a history of malabsorption syndrome and difficulty eating due to lack of dentures. The patient has been diagnosed with protein malnutrition.

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

· The role genetics plays in the disease.

· Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.

· The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.

· The cells that are involved in this process.

· How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

 
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Reference Page Activity

Each of the ten references pages comes from an actual student essay, a research-based persuasive essay that was the class’s final project. A few of these reference pages are decent, but many have serious flaws.

These students were instructed to rely on academic, reliable sources, but were not specifically instructed to make use of sources from the UMC library databases.

All student reference pages are reproduced here in the format in which they originally appeared, formatting errors and all. I have only made slight modifications to font type and font size.

* * *

Evaluate each of these references pages by considering a few criteria and questions:

1. Format – does the page adhere to APA format? Follow this link   (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/) or look to your textbook for  a properly formatted APA reference page.

2. Quality – do the sources seem like they’re high quality, from reputable sources?   Are the sources primarily peer-reviewed? Are the sources that aren’t peer-reviewed from well-known and trusted sources?

3. Recency – are the sources as recent as they should be the subject matter? Are sources related to scientific issues very current?

4. Variety – is there a variety of types of sources and authors used? Or, does the writer rely too much on a single author, site, or publication?

Sample reference page activity

 

Context: Each of the ten references pages comes from an actual student essay, a research- based persuasive essay that was the class’s final project. A few of these reference pages are decent, but many have serious flaws.

 

These students were instructed to rely on academic, reliable sources, but were not specifically instructed to make use of sources from the UMC library databases.

 

All student reference pages are reproduced here in the format in which they originally appeared, formatting errors and all. I have only made slight modifications to font type and font size.

 

* * *

 

Evaluate each of these references pages by considering a few criteria and questions:

 

1. Format – does the page adhere to APA format? Follow this link (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/) or look to your textbook for a properly formatted APA reference page.

 

2. Quality – do the sources seem like they’re high quality, from reputable sources? Are the sources primarily peer-reviewed? Are the sources that aren’t peer- reviewed from well-known and trusted sources?

 

3. Recency – are the sources as recent as they should be the subject matter? Are sources related to scientific issues very current?

 

4. Variety – is there a variety of types of sources and authors used? Or, does the writer rely too much on a single author, site, or publication?

 

Example #1

Reference

 

“Effects of Secondhand Smoke.” WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.

 

Branham, Matt. “Cigarette Smoking In America: 16 States That Still Allow Widespread Smoking.” Mandatory. N.p., 10 July 2015. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.

 

“Secondhand Smoke.” Secondhand Smoke. N.p., 05 Mar. 2015. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.

 

“Tobacco-Related Mortality.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 18 Aug. 2015. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.

 

“Taking Action.” No-smoke.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2015.

 

“Taking Action.” No-smoke.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2015.

 

Baker, Jeff. “Smoking and Slots – Casinos’ Terraces Ignite Debate.”Baltimoresun.com. N.p., 08 July 2015. Web. 17 Dec. 2015..

 

Example #2

 

“Preserving Nutrients When Cooking Foods.” – For Dummies. For Dummies, n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.

Roizman, Tracey. “The Advantages of a Home Cooked Meal.” Healthy Eating. SFGATE, n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.

Nelson, Jennifer K., and Katherine Zeratsky. “Nutrition and Healthy Eating.” Mayoclinic.org. Mayo Clinic, 20 Feb. 2009. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.

Ferdman, Robert A., and Abha Bhattarai. “There’s a Crisis at Chipotle.” Washington Post. The Washington Post, n.d. Web.

Bates, Daniel. “Marijuana Deals, the Pain of Happy Meals and How to Get a Free Big Mac: McDonald’s Worker Reveals Secrets of Fast-food Giant (and Warns against Ordering Grilled Chicken).” Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, 29 June 2012. Web. 6 Dec. 2015. Dec. 2015.

“Cooking Vegetables for Optimum Nutrition | Paleo Leap.” Paleo Leap Paleo Diet Recipes Tips. N.p., 25 July 2013. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.

Kryza, Andy. “The Best Fast-Food Items for $1 or Less.” Thrillist. N.p., 07 Nov. 2013. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.

Harding, Eleanor. “Your Mum’s Sunday Roast or Grandmother’s Apple Pie? A Meal Made with Love Really DOES Taste Better.” Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, 19 Jan. 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

 

Example #3

 

 

US News. U.S.News & World Report. Web. 2 Dec. 2015.

 

Isidore, Chris. “College Athletes Finally Getting Some Cash.” CNNMoney. CNN, 4 Sept. 2015. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.

 

Time, For. “College Athletes Finally Getting Some Cash.” CNNMoney. Cable News Network. Web. 4 Dec. 2015.

 

Wilbon, Michael. “College Athletes Deserve to Be Paid.” ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, 18 July 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2015.

 

“Why College Athletes Should Be Paid.” Elite Daily Why College Athletes Should Be Paid Comments. 5 Sept. 2012. Web. 9 Dec. 2015.

 

Example #4

 

Dufour, Jules. “The Worldwide Network of US Military Bases”. Global Research. September 20, 2015. Web. December 15, 2015. http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-worldwide-network-of-us-military-bases/5564

Lutz, Catherine and Macleish, Ken. “US & Allied Killed”. Costs of War. February, 2013. Watson Institute Brown University. Web. December 15, 2015. http://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/costs/human/military/killed

Obeidallah, Dean. “Donald Trump’s horrifying words about Mulsims”. CNN. November 21, 2015. Web. December 15, 2015. http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/20/opinions/obeidallah-trump-anti-muslim/

Payne, Ed. “Muslim nations form coalition to fight terror, call Islamic extremism ‘disease’”. CNN. December 15, 2015. Web. December 15, 2015. http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/14/middleeast/islamic-coalition-isis-saudi-arabia/

“Member States of the United Nations”. UN.org. December 2015. Web. December 15, 2015. http://www.un.org/en/members/

 

 

Example #5

 

References

 

Immunization: Why vaccine are so important to safeguarding health. (2005, August 18). Riverside. Retrieved from http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Infectious-Disease/CC00013.cfm

 

Moyer, C. (2011, June 20). Vaccines concerns common among parents of young children. Amednews.com. Retrieved from http://www.amednews.com/article/20110620

 

United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, April 24). Reports show 20-year US immunization program spares millions of children from diseases. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0424-immunization-program.html

 

Vaccines save money. (2014, June, 1). Sanofi Pasteur. Retrieved from http://www.sanofipasteur.com/en/value_of_vaccines/vaccines_save_money/

 

What is herd immunity? (2015, February 9).VaccinesToday. Retrieved from http://www.vaccinestoday.eu/vaccines/what-is-herd-immunity/

 

 

Example #6

 

 

Resources

Fair Test The National Center for Fair and Opening Testing. (August 28, 2007). Retrieved December 12, 2015 from http://fairtest.org/how-standardized-testing-damages-education-pdf

Fair Test The National Center for Fair and Opening Testing. (August 20, 2007). Retrieved December 12, 2015 from http://www.fairtest.org/act-biased-inaccurate-and-misused

IVY Bound Test and Academic Tutoring. (n.d). Retrieved December 12, 2015 from http://www.ivybound.net/faqs/sat-test-coachable/

NACAC. (n.d). Report finds virtually no difference in graduation rates for students who submit or do not submit standardized their scores to colleges and universities. Retrieved December 12, 2015 from http://www.nacacnet.org/mediacenter/PressRoom/2014/Pages/BillHiss.aspx

O’Shaughnessy, L. Confirmed: High school GPAs predict college success. (Feburary 19, 2014). Retrieved December 12, 2015 from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/confirmed-high-school-gpas-predict-college-success/

Wade, Lisa. The Correlation Between Income and SAT Scores. (August 29, 2012). Retrieved December 12, 2015 from http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/08/29/the-correlation-between-income-and-sat-scores/

Resnick, B. (March 5. 2014). The real problem with the SAT. Retrieved December 12, 2015

from http://www.nationaljournal.com/congress/2014/03/06/real-problem-with-sat

 

Example #7

 

Work Cited Page.

1. Brain Injury Safety Tips and Prevention. (2015, December 3). Retrieved December 17, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/headsup/basics/concussion_prevention.html

2. Concussion and Sports. (n.d.). Retrieved December 17, 2015, from http://www.brainline.org/content/2008/12/concussion-and-sports.html

3. Concussion: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved December 17, 2015, from http://www.webmd.com/brain/tc/traumatic-brain-injury-concussion-overview

4. What is a Concussion? (n.d.). Retrieved December 17, 2015, from http://www.protectthebrain.org/Brain-Injury-Research/What-is-a-Concussion-.aspx

5. New NFL rules designed to limit head injuries. (n.d.). Retrieved December 17, 2015, from http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d81990bdf/article/new-nfl-rules-designed-to-limit-head-injuries

 

Example #8

 

Reference Page

Lenhart, A., (2014) Couple, the internet and Social media, PewResearch Center, Retrieved from

http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/02/11/couples-the-internet-and-social-media/?utm_expid=53098246-2.Lly4CFSVQG2lphsg-KopIg.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F (Lenhart, 2014)

Fileta, D., (2013) 3 way social media can impact your real- life Relationships, True love Dates,

Retrieved from: http://truelovedates.com/3-ways-social-media-can-impact-your-real-life-relationships/

Jones, H., (2013) Social Media effect on Human Interaction, HASTAC, Retrieved from:

https://www.hastac.org/blogs/haley117/2013/06/07/social-medias-affect-human-interaction (Jones, 2013)

Lenhart, A., (2015) Social media and Romantic Relationships, PewResearch Center, Retrieved

from: http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/10/01/social-media-and-romantic-relationships/?utm_expid=53098246-2.Lly4CFSVQG2lphsg-KopIg.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F (Lenhart, 2015)

Seidman, G., (2015) How Facebook affects our Relationships, Phycology Today, Retrieved from:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/close-encounters/201505/how-facebook-affects-our-relationships (Seidman, 2015)

 

Example #9

 

 

Reference

http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/focus/2003/gmo7.htm

©FAO, 2003 March, Weighing the GMO arguments

https://classes.soe.ucsc.edu/cmpe080e/Spring05/projects/gmo/benefits.htm

©2005, Benefits of GM Food

http://www.pgeconomics.co.uk/page/36/-gm-crop-use-continues-to-benefit-the-environment-and-farmers

©PG Economics Limited 2004-2015, GM crop use continues to benefit the environment and farmers

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC212689/

Published online 2003 Oct 13, Genetically Modified Corn— Environmental Benefits and Risks

http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/pages/biotech-safety-gmo-advantages.aspx

©2002–2015 Monsanto Company, An Overview of the Safety and Advantages of GM Foods

 

Example #10

 

 

References

1. Bershadker, Matthew (2014, January 21)Time to Retire Horse Slaughter for Good; Huffiington Post Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/matt-bershadker/time-to-retire-horse-slau_b_4637406.html

2. Crockett, Zachary (2015, January 16). When Americans Ate Horse Meat. Priceonomics. Retrieved from http://priceonhttps://canadianhorsedefencecoalition.wordpress.com/2015/02/13/canadas-80-million-horse-slaughter-industry-statistics-and-analysis-what-you-can-do/omics.com/when-americans-ate-horse-meat/

3. Powell, S.M. (2014,April 5) More horses being shipped to Mexico, Canada for slaughter. Ctpost. Retrieved from http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/More-horses-being-shipped-to-Mexico-Canada-for-5379495.php

4. Not For Use In Horses Intended For Food. (2015). Is horse meat from America, Canada and Mexico safe to eat. Retrieved from http://www.americanhorsemeat.com/

5. US Horse owners in favor of reopening slaughter plants(2015). Actions Home. Retrieved from http://us-horse-owners-infavor-of-reopeningslaughterplant.rallycongress.com/1053/

 
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