ACC- The Chester Company Will Increase Its Automation For The Cute

The Chester company will increase its automation for the Cute product by 2.0. Assuming no further change in capacity, how much will this investment in automation cost?
Select: 1
$7,700,000
$17,600,000
$8,800,000
$15,400,000
Chester has negotiated a new labor contract for the next round that will affect the cost for their product City. Labor costs will go from $7.91 to $8.41 per unit. Assume all period and other variable costs as reported on Chester Income Statement remain the same If Chester were to pass on half the new labor costs to their customers, how many units of product City would need to be sold next round to break even on the product?
528
1800
518
540
Of Chester Corporation’s products, which earned the lowest Net Margin as a percentage of its sales?
Select: 1
Cozy
Cute
Crimp
City
Assuming no brokerage fees, calculate the amount of cash needed to retire Baldwin’s 12.4S2021 bond early.
Select: 1
$5,756,951
$5,517,462
$6,231,321
How much would it cost for Chester Corporation to repurchase all its outstanding shares if new brokerage fees totaled 1% of the underlying transaction?
$198.3 million
$194.3 million
$89.4 million
$91.2 million
The Digby company will continue to train their existing workforce at their current level to help reduce turnover and improve productivity next year. Employee training costs have increased to $30 per hour. How much would their training costs per employee be to the nearest dollar?
1200
2382
400
1182
Suppose you were hired as a consultant for a company that wants to penetrate the Comp-XM market. This company wants to pursue a broad cost leader strategy. From last year’s reports, which company presents the would be the strongest competitor?
Digby
Baldwin
Andrews
Chester

 
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Comparative Analysis

Comparative Analysis

Chapter 13, page 693 of the Accounting text book discusses different types of comparisons used to gauge the financial performance of a company.  Choose one of the three types of comparisons or one of the three types of basic tools in financial statement analysis and discuss it here.  HINT! – The three types of comparison should also be included in your Week 2 Learning Team paper

 

one paragraph nothing fancy

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Capital Budgeting Decisions

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying Chapter 13, you should be able to: LO13-1 Determine the payback period for an

investment. LO13-2 Evaluate the acceptability of an

investment project using the net present value method.

LO13-3 Evaluate the acceptability of an investment project using the internal rate of return method.

LO13-4 Evaluate an investment project that has uncertain cash flows.

LO13-5 Rank investment projects in order of preference.

LO13-6 Compute the simple rate of return for an investment.

LO13-7 (Appendix 13A) Understand present value concepts and the use of present value tables.

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M

LO13-8 (Appendix 13C) Include income taxes in a net present value analysis.

Commercial Delivery Fleets Adopt Electric Trucks

Staples, Frito-Lay, and AT&T have begun purchasing electric delivery trucks even though they cost $30,000 more than diesel delivery trucks. Staples is willing to make the more expensive up-front investment because it expects each electric truck to incur lower operating costs. For example, it estimates that electric trucks will save $2,450 per year in maintenance costs and $6,500 per year in fuel costs. It also expects to replace each electric truck’s brakes every four or five years instead of every one or two years with diesel trucks. In total, Staples expects each electric delivery truck to save $60,000 over its 10-year useful life. Source: Mike Ramsey, “As Electric Vehicles Arrive, Firms See Payback in Trucks,” The Wall Street Journal, December 8, 2010, pp. B1–B2.

anagers often consider decisions that involve an investment today in the hope of realizing future profits. For example, Yum! Brands, Inc., makes an investment when it opens a new Pizza Hut restaurant. L. L. Bean makes an investment when it installs a new computer to handle customer billing. Ford makes an investment when it redesigns a

vehicle such as the F-150 pickup truck. Merck & Co. invests in medical research. Amazon.com makes an investment when it redesigns its website. All of these investments require spending now with the expectation of additional future net cash inflows.

The term capital budgeting is used to describe how managers plan significant investments in projects that have long-term implications such as the purchase of new equipment or the introduction of new products. Most companies have many more potential projects than can actually be funded. Hence, managers must carefully select those projects that promise the greatest future return. How well managers make these capital budgeting decisions is a critical factor in the long-run financial

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health of the organization. This chapter discusses four methods for making capital budgeting decisions—the payback method, the net present value method, the internal rate of return method, and the simple rate of return method.

Capital Budgeting—An Overview Typical Capital Budgeting Decisions Any decision that involves a cash outlay now in order to obtain a future return is a capital budgeting decision. Typical capital budgeting decisions include:

1. Cost reduction decisions. Should new equipment be purchased to reduce costs? 2. Expansion decisions. Should a new plant, warehouse, or other facility be acquired to increase

capacity and sales? 3. Equipment selection decisions. Which of several available machines should be purchased? 4. Lease or buy decisions. Should new equipment be leased or purchased? 5. Equipment replacement decisions. Should old equipment be replaced now or later? Capital budgeting decisions fall into two broad categories—screening decisions and preference

decisions. Screening decisions relate to whether a proposed project is acceptable—whether it passes a preset hurdle. For example, a company may have a policy of accepting projects only if they provide a return of at least 20% on the investment. The required rate of return is the minimum rate of return a project must yield to be acceptable. Preference decisions, by contrast, relate to selecting from among several acceptable alternatives. To illustrate, a company may be considering several different machines to replace an existing machine on the assembly line. The choice of which machine to purchase is a preference decision. Cash Flows versus Net Operating Income The first three capital budgeting methods discussed in the chapter—the payback method, the net present value method, and internal rate of return method—all focus on analyzing the cash flows associated with capital investment projects, whereas the simple rate of return method focuses on incremental net operating income. To better prepare you to apply the payback, net present value, and internal rate of return methods, we’d like to define the most common types of cash outflows and cash inflows that accompany capital investment projects. Typical Cash Outflows Most projects have at least three types of cash outflows. First, they often require an immediate cash outflow in the form of an initial investment in equipment, other assets, and installation costs. Any salvage value realized from the sale of old equipment can be recognized as a reduction in the initial investment or as a cash inflow. Second, some projects require a company to expand its working capital.

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Working capital is current assets (e.g., cash, accounts receivable, and inventory) less current liabilities. When a company takes on a new project, the balances in the current asset accounts often increase. For example, opening a new Nordstrom’s department store requires additional cash in sales registers and more inventory. These additional working capital needs are treated as part of the initial investment in a project. Third, many projects require periodic outlays for r%pairs and ma intenance and additional operating costs. Typical Cash Inflows Most projects also have at least three types of cash inflows. First, a project will normally increase revenues or reduce costs. Either way, the amount involved should be treated as a cash inflow for capital budgeting purposes. Notice that from a cash flow standpoint, a reduction in costs is equivalent to an increase in revenues. Second, cash inflows are also frequently realized from selli. g equipment for its salvage value when a project ends, although the company may actually have to pay to dispose of some low-value or hazardous items. Third, any working capital that was tied up in the project can be released for use elsewhere at the end of the project and should be treated as a cash inflow at that time. Working capital is released, for example, when a company sells off its inventory or collects its accounts receivable. The Time Value of Money Beyond defining a capital project’s cash outflows and inflows, it is also important to consider when those cash flows occur. For example, if someone offered to give you $1,000 dollars today that you could save toward your eventual retirement or $1,000 dollars a year from now that you could save toward your future retirement, which alternative would you choose? In all likelihood, you would choose to receive $1,000 today because you could invest it and have more than $1,000 dollars a year from now. This simple example illustrates an important capital budgeting concept known as the time value of money. The time value of money recognizes that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar a year from now if for no other reason than you could put the dollar in a bank today and have more than a dollar a year from now. Because of the time value of money, capital investments that promise earlier cash flows are preferable to those that promise later cash flows.

Although the payback method focuses on cash flows, it does not recognize the time value of money. In other words, it treats a dollar received today as being of equal value to a dollar received at any point in the future. Conversely, the net present value and internal rate of return methods not only focus on cash flows, but they also recognize the time value of those cash flows. These two methods use a technique called discounting cash flows to translate the value of future cash flows to their lesser present value. If you are not familiar with the concept of discounting cash flows and the use of present value tables, you should read Appendix 13A: The Concept of Present Value, at the end of the chapter, before studying the net present value and internal rate of return methods.

IN BUSINESS INVESTING IN A VINEYARD: A CASH FLOWS PERSPECTIVE

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When Michael Evans was contemplating moving to Buenos Aires, Argentina, to start a company called the Vines of Mendoza, he had to estimate the project’s initial cash outlays and compare them to its future net cash inflows. The initial cash outlays included $2.9 million to buy 1,046 acres of land and to construct a tasting room, $300,000 for a well and irrigation system, $30,000 for underground power lines, and $285,000 for 250,000 grape plants. The annual operating costs included $1,500 per acre for pruning, mowing, and irrigation and $114 per acre for harvesting.

In terms of future cash inflows, Evans hopes to sell his acreage to buyers who want to grow their own grapes and make their own wine while avoiding the work involved with doing so. He intends to charge buyers a one- time fee of $55,000 per planted acre. The buyers would also reimburse Evans for his annual operating costs per acre plus a 25% markup. In a good year, buyers should be able to get 250 cases of wine from their acre of grapevines. Source: Helen Coster, “Planting Roots,” Forbes, March 1, 2010, pp. 42–44.

The Payback Method LO13-1 Determine the payback period for an investment.

The payback method of evaluating capital budgeting projects focuses on the payback period. The payback period is the length of time that it takes for a project to recover its initial cost from the net cash inflows that it generates. This period is sometimes referred to as “the time that it takes for an investment to pay for itself.” The basic premise of the payback method is that the more quickly the cost of an investment can be recovered, the more desirable is the investment.

The payback period is expressed in years. When the annual net cash inflow is the same every year, the following formula can be used to compute the payback period:

To illustrate the payback method, consider the following data:

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Example A: York Company needs a new milling machine. The company is considering two machines: machine A and machine B. Machine A costs $15,000, has a useful life of ten years, and will reduce operating costs by $5,000 per year. Machine B costs only $12,000, will also reduce operating costs by $5,000 per year, but has a useful life of only five years. Required: Which machine should be purchased according to the payback method?

According to the payback calculations, York Company should purchase machine B because it has a shorter payback period than machine A. Evaluation of the Payback Method The payback method is not a true measure of the profitability of an investment. Rather, it simply tells a manager how many years are required to recover the original investment. Unfortunately, a shorter payback period does not always mean that one investment is more desirable than another.

To illustrate, refer back to Example A on the previous page. Machine B has a shorter payback period than machine A, but it has a useful life of only 5 years rather than 10 years for machine A. Machine B would have to be purchased twice—once immediately and then again after the fifth year—to provide the same service as just one machine A. Under these circumstances, machine A would probably be a better investment than machine B, even though machine B has a shorter payback period. Unfortunately, the payback method ignores all cash flows that occur after the payback period.

A further criticism of the payback method is that it does not consider the time value of money. A cash inflow to be received several years in the future is weighed the same as a cash inflow received right now. To illustrate, assume that for an investment of $8,000 you can purchase either of the two following streams of cash inflows:

Which stream of cash inflows would you prefer to receive in return for your $8,000 investment? Each stream has a payback period of 4.0 years. Therefore, if payback alone is used to make the decision, the streams would be considered equally desirable. However, from a time value of money perspective, stream 2 is much more desirable than stream 1.

On the other hand, under certain conditions the payback method can be very useful. For one thing, it can help identify which investment proposals are in the “ballpark.” That is, it can be used as

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a screening tool to help answer the question, “Should I consider this proposal further?” If a proposal doesn’t provide a payback within some specified period, then there may be no need to consider it further. In addition, the payback period is often important to new companies that are “cash poor.” When a company is cash poor, a project with a short payback period but a low rate of return might be preferred over another project with a high rate of return but a long payback period. The reason is that the company may simply need a faster return of its cash investment. And final,y, the payback method is sometimes used in industries where products become obsolete very rapidly—such as consumer electronics. Because products may last only a year or two, the payback period on investments must be very short.

IN BUSINESS THE ECONOMICS OF HYBRID VEHICLES The table below shows the price premiums (after tax credits) that customers must pay to buy four types of hybrid vehicles. It also depicts the annual gas savings that customers realize by driving a hybrid version of the vehicle instead of a standard model of the same vehicle (assuming the vehicles are driven 15,000 miles per year and gas costs $2.79 a gallon). Dividing the price premium by the annual gas savings yields the payback period when purchasing the hybrid version of the vehicle.

The above payback figures highlight the dilemma faced by customers who want to make environmentally friendly purchases, but are constrained by limited financial resources. Source: Mike Spector, “The Economics of Hybrids,” The Wall Street Journal, October 29, 2007, pp. R5–R6.

An Extended Example of Payback As shown by formula (1) on page 586, the payback period is computed by dividing the investment in a project by the project’s annual net cash inflows. If new equipment is replacing old equipment, then any salvage value to be received when disposing of the old equipment should be deducted from the cost of the new equipment, and only the incremental investment should be used in the payback computation. In addition, any depreciation deducted in arriving at the project’s net operating income must be added back to obtain the project’s expected annual net cash inflow. To illustrate, consider the following data:

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Example B: Goodtime Fun Centers, Inc., operates amusement parks. Some of the vending machines in one of its parks provide very little revenue, so the company is considering removing the machines and installing equipment to dispense soft ice cream. The equipment would cost $80,000 and have an eight-year useful life with no salvage value. Incremental annual revenues and costs associated with the sale of ice cream would be as follows:

The vending machines can be sold for a $5,000 scrap value. The company will not purchase equipment unless it has a payback period of three years or less. Does the ice cream dispenser pass this hurdle?

Exhibit 13-1 computes the payback period for the ice cream dispenser. Several things should be noted. First, depreciation is added back to net operating income to obtain the annual net cash inflow from the new equipment. Depreciation is not a cash outlay; thus, it must be added back to adjust net operating income to a cash basis. Second, the payback computation deducts the salvage value of the old machines from the cost of the new equipment so that only the incremental investment is used in computing the payback period.

Because the proposed equipment has a payback period of less than three years, the company’s payback requirement has been met. Payback and Uneven Cash Flows When the cash flows associated with an investment project change from year to year, the simple payback formula that we outlined earlier cannot be used. Instead, the payoff period can be computed as follows (assuming that cash inflows occur evenly throughout the year): Payback period = Number of years up to the year in which the investment is paid off + (Unrecovered investment at the beginning of the year in which the investment is paid off Ă· Cash inflow in the period in which the investment is paid off). To illustrate how to apply this formula, consider the following data:

EXHIBIT 13-1 Computation of the Payback Period

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What is the payback period on this investment? The answer is 5.5 years, computed as follows: 5 + ($1,500 Ă· $3,000) = 5.5 years. In essence, we are tracking the unrecovered investment year by year as shown in Exhibit 13-2. By the middle of the sixth year, sufficient cash inflows will have been realized to recover the entire investment of $6,000 ($4,000 + $2,000).

EXHIBIT 13-2 Payback and Uneven Cash Flows

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The Net Present Value Method LO13-2 Evaluate the acceptability of an investment project using the net present value method.

As previously mentioned, the net present value method and the internal rate of return method use discounted cash flows to analyze capital budgeting decisions. The net present value method is discussed in this section followed by a discussion of the internal rate of return method. The Net Present Value Method Illustrated The net present value method compares the present value of a project’s cash inflows to the present value of its cash outflows. The difference between the present value of these cash flows, called the net present value, determines whether or not a project is an acceptable investment.

When performing net present value analysis, managers usually make two important assumptions. First, they assume that all cash flows other than the initial investment occur at the end of periods. This assumption is somewhat unrealistic because cash flows typically occur throughout a period rather than just at its end; however, it simplifies the computations considerably. Second, managers assume that all cash flows generated by an investment project are immediately reinvested at a rate of return equal to the rate used to

discount the future cash flows, also known as the discount rate. If this condition is not met, the net present value computations will not be accurate.

To illustrate net present analysis, consider the following data:

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Example C: Harper Company is contemplating the purchase of a machine capable of performing some operations that are now performed manually. The machine will cost $50,000, and it will last for five years. At the end of the five-year period, the machine will be sold for its salvage value of $5,000. Use of the machine will reduce labor costs by $18,000 per year. Harper Company requires a minimum pretax return of 18% on all investment projects.1

Should the machine be purchased? Harper Company must determine whether a cash investment now of $50,000 can be justified if it will result in an $18,000 reduction in cost in each of the next five years. It may appear that the answer is obvious because the total cost savings is $90,000 ($18,000 per year Ă— 5 years). However, the company can earn an 18% return by investing its money elsewhere. It is not enough that the cost reductions cover just the original cost of the machine; they must also yield a return of at least 18% or the company would be better off investing the money elsewhere.

To determine whether the investment is desirable, the stream of annual $18,000 cost savings and the machine’s salvage value of $5,000 should be discounted to their present values and then compared to the cost of the new machine. Exhibit 13-3 demonstrates a four-step approach for performing these computations. First, it calculates the present value of the initial investment by multiplying $50,000 by 1.000, the present value factor for any cash flow that occurs immediately. Second, it calculates the present value of the annual cost savings by multiplying $18,000 by 3.127, the present value factor of a five-year annuity at the discount rate of 18%, to obtain $56,286. Third, it calculates the present value of the machine’s salvage value by multiplying $5,000 by 0.437, the present value factor of a single sum to be received in five years at the discount rate of 18%, to obtain $2,185. Finally, cells B8 through D8 are added together to derive the net present value of $8,471.2

Exhibit 13-4 demonstrates an alternative approach for performing these same calculations. This alternative approach also begins by calculating the present value of the initial investment by multiplying $50,000 by 1.000, the present value factor for any cash flow that occurs immediately. However, rather than calculating the present value of the annual cost savings using a discount factor of 3.127 from Exhibit 13B-2, it discounts the annual cost savings in Years 1–5 and the machine’s salvage value in Year 5 to their present values using the discount factors from Exhibit 13B-1. For example, the $18,000 cost savings in Year 3 is multiplied by the discount factor of 0.609 to derive this future cash flow’s present value of $10,962. As another example, the $23,000 of total cash flows in Year 5 is multiplied by the discount factor of 0.437 to determine these future cash flows’ present value of $10,051. The present values in cells B8 through G8 are then added together to compute the project’s net present value of $8,471.

EXHIBIT 13-3 Net Present Value Analysis Using Discount Factors from Exhibits 13B-1 and 13B-2 in Appendix 13B

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EXHIBIT 13-4 Net Present Value Analysis Using Discount Factors from Exhibit 13B-1 in Appendix 13B

The methods described in Exhibits 13-3 and 13-4 are mathematically equivalent—they both produced a net present value of $8,471. The only difference between these two exhibits relates to the discounting of the annual labor cost savings. In Exhibit 13-3, the labor cost savings are discounted to their present value using the annuity factor of 3.127, whereas in Exhibit 13-4, these cost savings are discounted using five separate factors that sum to 3.127 (0.847 + 0.718 + 0.609 + 0.516 + 0.437 = 3.127). In other words, the calculations are equivalent.

While you should feel free to use either of these methods when performing net present value calculations, from this point forward we’ll be emphasizing the approach used in Exhibit 13-4 for two reasons. First, most managers use an approach similar to Exhibit 13-4 when performing net present value calculations. They use Microsoft Excel to summarize each year’s cash flows in a separate column and then they discount each year’s cash flows to their present values using the factors shown in Exhibit 13B-1. Second, many students believe that the approach shown in Exhibit 13-4 is easier to understand than competing methods when the net present value computations become increasingly complex.

Once you have computed a net present value using either of the approaches that we just demonstrated, you’ll need to interpret your findings. For example, because Harper Company’s proposed project has a positive net present value of $8,471, it implies that the company should purchase the new machine. A positive net present value indicates that the project’s return exceeds the discount rate. A negative net present value indicates that the project’s return is less than the discount rate. Therefore, if the company’s minimum required rate of return is used as the discount rate, a project with a positive net present value has a return that exceeds the minimum required rate of return and is acceptable. Conversely, a project with a negative net present value has a return that is less than the minimum required rate of return and is unacceptable. In sum:

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To improve your understanding of the minimum required rate of return, it bears emphasizing that a company’s cost of capital is usually regarded as its minimum required rate of return. The cost of capital is the average rate of return that the company must pay to its long-term creditors and its shareholders for the use of their funds. If a project’s rate of return is less than the cost of capital, the company does not earn enough to compensate its creditors and shareholders. Therefore, any project with a rate of return less than the cost of capital should be rejected.

The cost of capital serves as a screening device. When the cost of capital is used as the discount rate in net present value analysis, any project with a negative net present value does not cover the company’s cost of capital and should be discarded as unacceptable. Recovery of the Original Investment The net present value method automatically provides for return of the original investment. Whenever the net present value of a project is positive, the project will recover the original cost of the investment plus sufficient excess cash inflows to compensate the organization for tying up funds in the project. To demonstrate this point, consider the following situation:

Example D: Carver Hospital is considering the purchase of an attachment for its X-ray machine that will cost $3,169. The attachment will be usable for four years, after which time it will have no salvage value. It will increase net cash inflows by $1,000 per year in the X-ray department. The hospital’s board of directors requires a rate of return of at least 10% on such investments.

A net present value analysis of the desirability of purchasing the X-ray attachment is presented in Exhibit 13-5. Notice that the attachment has exactly a 10% return on the original investment because the net present value is zero at a 10% discount rate.

Each annual $1,000 cash inflow arising from use of the attachment is made up of two parts. One part represents a recovery of a portion of the original $3,169 paid for the attachment, and the other part represents a return on this investment. The breakdown of each year’s $1,000 cash inflow between recovery of investment and return on investment is shown in Exhibit 13-6.

The first year’s $1,000 cash inflow consists of a return on investment of $317 (a 10% return on the $3,169 original investment), plus a $683 return of that investment. Because the amount of the

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unrecovered investment decreases each year, the dollar amount of the return on investment also decreases each year. By the end of the fourth year, all $3,169 of the original investment has been recovered.

EXHIBIT 13-5 Carver Hospital—Net Present Value Analysis of X-Ray Attachment

EXHIBIT 13-6 Carver Hospital—Breakdown of Annual Cash Inflows

IN BUSINESS COOLING SERVERS NATURALLY

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Google consumes more than 2 terawatt hours of electricity per year, which is greater than the annual electricity consumption of 200,000 American homes. A large part of Google’s electricity consumption relates to running and cooling its huge number of servers. In an effort to lower its electricity bill, Google invested €200 million to build a server storage facility in the Baltic Sea coastal community of Hamina, Finland. Hamina’s low electricity rates coupled with its persistently low ambient air temperatures will lower Google’s annual electricity bills considerably. Shortly after Google’s facility opened in Hamina, Facebook opened a five-acre data center in LuleĂĄ, Sweden, where the average temperature is 35 degrees Fahrenheit. Source: Sven Grunberg and Niclas Rolander, “For Data Center, Google Goes for the Cold,” The Wall Street Journal, September 12, 2011, p. B10.

An Extended Example of the Net Present Value Method Example E provides an extended example of how the net present value method is used to analyze a proposed project. This example helps tie together and reinforce many of the ideas discussed thus far.

Example E: Under a special licensing arrangement, Swinyard Corporation has an opportunity to market a new product for a five-year period. The product would be purchased from the manufacturer, with Swinyard responsible for promotion and distribution costs. The licensing arrangement could be renewed at the end of the five-year period. After careful study, Swinyard estimated the following costs and revenues for the new product:

At the end of the five-year period, if Swinyard decides not to renew the licensing arrangement the working capital would be released for investment elsewhere. Swinyard uses a 14% discount rate. Would you recommend that the new product be introduced?

EXHIBIT 13-7 The Net Present Value Method—An Extended Example

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This example involves a variety of cash inflows and cash outflows. The solution is given in Exhibit 13-7.

Notice how the working capital is handled in this exhibit. It is counted as a cash outflow at the beginning of the project and as a cash inflow when it is released at the end of the project. Also notice how the sales revenues, cost of goods sold, and out-of-pocket costs are handled. Out-of-pocket costs are actual cash outlays for salaries, advertising, and other operating expenses.

Because the net present value of the proposal is positive, the new product is acceptable.

IN BUSINESS ECONOMIC WOES SHRINK CAPITAL BUDGETS When the health of the economy is uncertain, capital spending declines. Rite Aid CEO Mary Sammons cut her company’s capital budget by $50 million due to uncertain economic conditions. PetroHawk Energy responded to a weak economy by slashing its $1.5 billion capital budget by one-third. Estee Lauder tightened its belt by challenging managers to defend what they must have and define what they can give up. YUMa Brands (owner of Pizza Hut, KFC, and Taco Bell) navigated the difficult economy by abandoning projects that “might come true” in favor of a “must have” capital budgeting mentality. Source: Matthew Boyle, “The Budget Knives Come Out,” BusinessWeek, October 13, 2008, p. 30.

The Internal Rate of Return Method LO13-3 Evaluate the acceptability of an investment project using the internal rate of return method.

The internal rate of return is the rate of return of an investment project over its useful life. The internal rate of return is computed by finding the discount rate that equates the present value of a project’s cash outflows with the present value of its cash inflows. In other words, the internal rate of return is the discount rate that results in a net present value of zero.

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The Internal Rate of Return Method Illustrated To illustrate the internal rate of return method, consider the following data:

Example F: Glendale School District is considering the purchase of a large tractor-pulled lawn mower. At present, the lawn is mowed using a small hand-pushed gas mower. The large, tractor-pulled mower will cost $21,630 and will have a useful life of 5 years. It will have a negligible scrap value, which can be ignored. The tractor-pulled mower would do the job faster than the old mower, resulting in labor savings of $6,000 per year.

To compute the internal rate of return of the new mower, we must find the discount rate that will result in a zero net present value. How do we do this? The simplest and most direct approach when the net cash inflow is the same every year is to divide the investment in the project by the expected annual net cash inflow. This computation yields a factor from which the internal rate of return can be determined. The formula is as follows:

The factor derived from formula (2) is then located in the present value tables to see what rate of return it represents. Using formula (2) and the data for the Glendale School District’s proposed project, we get:

Thus, the discount factor that will equate a series of $6,000 cash inflows with a present investment of $21,630 is 3.605. Now we need to find this factor in Exhibit 13B-2 in Appendix 13B to see what rate of return it represents. We should use the 5-period line in Exhibit 13B-2 because the cash flows for the project continue for 5 years. If we scan along the 5-period line, we find that a factor of 3.605 represents a 12% rate of return. Therefore, the internal rate of return of the mower project is 12%. We can verify this by computing the project’s net present value using a 12% discount rate as shown in Exhibit 13-8.

Notice that the net present value in Exhibit 13-8 is zero, confirming that the project’s internal rate of return equals 12%. However, you’ll also notice that the discount factors used in Exhibit 13-8 come from Exhibit 13B-1 in Appendix 13B, whereas the discount factor cited above (3.605) comes from Exhibit 13B-2 in Appendix 13B. Although these approaches to discounting cash flows appear to differ from one another, they are actually mathematically equivalent. To prove this fact, notice that the sum of the discount factors used in Exhibit 13-8 equals 3.605 (0.893 + 0.797 + 0.712 + 0.636 + 0.567 = 3.605). The five discount factors in Exhibit 13-8 are being used to discount five annual cash flows of $6,000 per year to their present value of $21,630, whereas the discount factor of 3.605 discounts the entire five-year annuity stream to its present value of $21,630.

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Once the Glendale School District computes the project’s internal rate of return of 12%, it would accept or reject the project by comparing this percentage to the school district’s minimum required rate of return. If the internal rate of return is equal to or greater than the required rate of return, then the project is acceptable. If the internal rate of return is less than the required rate of return, then the project is rejected. For example, if we assume that Glendale’s minimum required rate of return is 15%, then the school district would reject this project because the 12% internal rate of return does not clear the 15% hurdle rate.

EXHIBIT 13-8 Evaluation of the Mower Using a 12% Discount Rate

Comparison of the Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return Methods This section compares the net present value and internal rate of return methods in three ways. First, both methods use the cost of capital to screen out undesirable investment projects. When the internal rate of return method is used, the cost of capital is used as the hurdle rate that a project must clear for acceptance. If the internal rate of return of a project is not high enough to clear the cost of capital hurdle, then the project is ordinarily rejected. When the net present value method is used, the cost of capital is the discount rate used to compute the net present value of a proposed project. Any project yielding a negative net present value is rejected unless other factors are significant enough to warrant its acceptance.

Second, the net present value method is often simpler to use than the internal rate of return method, particularly when a project does not have identical cash flows every year. For example, if a project has some salvage value at the end of its life in addition to its annual cash inflows, the internal rate of return method requires a trial-and-error process to find the rate of return that will result in a net present value of zero. While computer software can be used to perform this trial-and-error process in seconds, it is still a little more complex than using spreadsheet software to perform net present value analysis.

Third, the internal rate of return method makes a questionable assumption. Both methods assume that cash flows generated by a project during its useful life are immediately reinvested elsewhere. However, the two methods make different assumptions concerning the rate of return that is earned on

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those cash flows. The net present value method assumes the rate of return is the discount rate, whereas the internal rate of return method assumes the rate of return earned on cash flows is the internal rate of return on the project. Specifically, if the internal rate of return of the project is high, this assumption may not be realistic. It is generally more realistic to assume that cash inflows can be reinvested at a rate of return equal to the discount rate—particularly if the discount rate is the company’s cost of capital or an opportunity rate of return. For example, if the discount rate is the company’s cost of capital, this rate of return can be actually realized by paying off the company’s creditors and buying back the company’s stock with cash flows from the project. In short, when the net present value method and the internal rate of return method do not agree concerning the attractiveness of a project, it is best to go with the net present value method. Of the two methods, it makes the more realistic assumption about the rate of return that can be earned on cash flows from the project.

Expanding the Net Present Value Method So far, all of our examples have involved an evaluation of a single investment project. In the following section we use the total-cost approach to explain how the net present value method can be used to evaluate two alternative projects.

The total-cost approach is the most flexible method for comparing competing projects. To illustrate the mechanics of the approach, consider the following data:

Example G: Harper Ferry Company operates a high-speed passenger ferry service across the Mississippi River. One of its ferryboats is in poor condition. This ferry can be renovated at an immediate cost of $200,000. Further repairs and an overhaul of the motor will be needed three years from now at a cost of $80,000. In all, the ferry will be usable for 5 years if this work is done. At the end of 5 years, the ferry will have to be scrapped at a salvage value of $60,000. The scrap value of the ferry right now is $70,000. It will cost $300,000 each year to operate the ferry, and revenues will total $400,000 annually.

EXHIBIT 13-9 The Total-Cost Approach to Project Selection

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As an alternative, Harper Ferry Company can purchase a new ferryboat at a cost of $360,000. The new ferry will have a life of 5 years, but it will require some repairs costing $30,000 at the end of 3 years. At the end of 5 years, the ferry will have a scrap value of $60,000. It will cost $210,000 each year to operate the ferry, and revenues will total $400,000 annually.

Harper Ferry Company requires a return of at least 14% on all investment projects. Should the company purchase the new ferry or renovate the old ferry? Exhibit 13-9 shows the

solution using the total-cost approach. Two points should be noted from the exhibit. First, all cash inflows and all cash outflows are

included in the solution under each alternative. No effort has been made to isolate those cash flows that are relevant to the decision and those that are not relevant. The inclusion of all cash flows associated with each alternative gives the approach its name—the total-cost approach.

Second, notice that a net present value is computed for each alternative. This is a strength of the total-cost approach because an unlimited number of alternatives can be compared side by side to determine the best option. For example, another alternative for Harper Ferry Company would be to get out of the ferry business entirely. If management desired, the net present value of this alternative could be computed to compare with the alternatives shown in Exhibit 13-9. Still other alternatives might be available to the company. In the case at hand, given only two alternatives, the data indicate that the net present value in favor of buying the new ferry is $252,630.3

Least-Cost Decisions

Some decisions do not involve any revenues. For example, a company may be trying to decide whether to buy or lease an executive jet. The choice would be made on the basis of which alternative—buying or leasing—would be least costly. In situations such as these, where no revenues are involved, the most desirable alternative is the one with the least total cost from a present value

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perspective. Hence, these are known as least-cost decisions. To illustrate a least-cost decision, consider the following data:

IN BUSINESS HOME CONSTRUCTION GOES GREEN—OR DOES IT?

Many homebuyers like the idea of building environmentally friendly homes until they get the bill. Specpan, an Indianapolis research firm, estimates a “green” home costs 10%–19% more than a comparable conventional home. For example, installing solar-electric glass-faced tiles on a roof costs $15,000 per 100 square feet compared to $1,200 per 100 square feet for standard fiber-cement tiles. Environmentally friendly interior paint costs $35–$42 per gallon compared to $20–$32 per gallon for standard latex paint. To further complicate this least-cost decision, the average homeowner lives in a house only seven years before moving. Within this time frame, many green investments appear to be financially unattractive. Nonetheless, the American Institute of Architects reports that 63% of their clients expressed an interest in renewable flooring materials such as cork and bamboo, up from 53% a year earlier. Source: June Fletcher, “The Price of Going Green,” The Wall Street Journal, February 29, 2008, p. W8.

Example H: Val-Tek Company is considering replacing an old threading machine with a new threading machine that would substantially reduce annual operating costs. Selected data relating to the old and new machines are presented below:

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Val-Tek Company uses a 10% discount rate. Exhibit 13-10 analyzes the alternatives using the total-cost approach. Because this is a least-cost

decision, the present values are negative for both alternatives. However, the present value of the alternative of buying the new machine is $109,440 higher than the other alternative. Therefore, buying the new machine is the less costly alternative.

EXHIBIT 13-10 Least-Cost Decision: A Net Present Value Analysis

Uncertain Cash Flows LO13-4 Evaluate an investment project that has uncertain cash flows.

Thus far, we have assumed that all future cash flows are known with certainty. However, future cash flows are often uncertain or difficult to estimate. A number of techniques are available for handling this complication. Some of these techniques are quite technical—involving computer simulations or advanced mathematical skills—and are beyond the scope of this book. However, we can provide some very useful information to without getting too technical. An Example

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As an example of difficult-to-estimate future cash flows, consider the case of investments in automated equipment. The up-front costs of automated equipment and the tangible benefits, such as reductions in operating costs and waste, tend to be relatively easy to estimate. However, the intangible benefits, such as greater reliability, greater speed, and higher quality, are more difficult to quantify in terms of future cash flows. These intangible benefits certainly impact future cash flows—particularly in terms of increased sales and perhaps higher selling prices—but the cash flow effects are difficult to estimate. What can be done?

A fairly simple procedure can be followed when the intangible benefits are likely to be significant. Suppose, for example, that a company with a 12% discount rate is considering purchasing automated equipment that would have a 10-year useful life. Also suppose that a discounted cash flow analysis of just the tangible costs and benefits shows a negative net present value of $226,000. Clearly, if the intangible benefits are large enough, they could turn this negative net present value into a positive net present value. In this case, the amount of additional cash flow per year from the intangible benefits that would be needed to make the project financially attractive can be computed as follows:

Thus, if the intangible benefits of the automated equipment are worth at least $40,000 a year to the company, then the automated equipment should be purchased. If, in the judgment of management, these intangible benefits are not worth $40,000 a year, then the automated equipment should not be purchased.

This technique can be used in other situations in which future cash flows are difficult to estimate. For example, this technique can be used when the salvage value is difficult to estimate. To illustrate, suppose that all of the cash flows from an inve

 
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SAM Capstone Project 1a

Documentation

Illustrated Excel 2016 | Modules 5–8: SAM Capstone Project 1a
Paterson Arts Center
MANAGING FORMULAS, DATA, AND TABLES
Author: MEHDI JAFARNIA
Note: Do not edit this sheet. If your name does not appear in cell B6, please download a new copy of the file from the SAM website.

Group Classes

PAC
Code Name Time Day Location Fee Instructor
AR100 Preschool Art 10:30 AM Monday Cassatt Studio $25 Grady
AR101 After School Art 3:00 PM Tuesday Basie Hall $30 Morales
AR102 Preschool Art 9:30 AM Wednesday Cassatt Studio $25 Grady
AR103 After School Art 3:00 PM Thursday Basie Hall $30 Aubrey
AR104 Cartooning 3:00 PM Friday Cassatt Studio $30 Saunders
AR105 Open Art Studio 12:00 PM Saturday Basie Hall $20 Pak
MU200 Music Together 9:30 AM Monday Chopin Room $15 Dombrowski
MU201 Music Together 2:00 PM Tuesday Chopin Room $15 Dombrowski
MU202 Intro Piano 3:00 PM Monday Basie Hall $25 Tamada
MU203 Intro Guitar 3:00 PM Tuesday Basie Hall $25 Blair
Revenue

Gwen Rayburn

Students

PAC
Student Date Class Code Class Name Instructor Repeat? Fee Amount Paid Class code AR102
Alicia Danz 9/6/20 MU201 Music Together Dombrowski No $15 Class name
Amy Holloway 9/9/20 AR104 Cartooning Saunders Yes $30 Instructor
Anna Tang 9/5/20 AR101 After School Art Morales Yes $30
Anthony Coloso 9/5/20 PR105 Guitar Blair No $25 Amount paid
Becca Feinbaum 9/7/20 PR108 Piano Dombrowski No $25 Number of classes
Brandon Bartells 9/5/20 AR100 Preschool Art Grady Yes $25
Brent McDuffy 9/9/20 AR104 Cartooning Saunders Yes $30
Brian Dohen 9/9/20 AR103 After School Art Aubrey No $30
Carla Bossard 9/7/20 PR103 Voice Thurow No $25
Caroline Dargenio 9/7/20 AR102 Preschool Art Grady No $25
Chad Abong 9/6/20 PR100 Piano Dombrowski Yes $25
Chris Gaudreau 9/6/20 MU202 Intro Piano Tamada No $25
Christina Grote 9/6/20 AR103 After School Art Aubrey Yes $30
Dana Birnbaum 9/9/20 MU203 Intro Guitar Blair Yes $25
Drew Rocco 9/5/20 AR100 Preschool Art Grady No $25
Edie Payton 9/6/20 MU201 Music Together Dombrowski Yes $15
George Bremmer 9/7/20 AR105 Open Art Studio Pak No $20
Greg Caslavka 9/6/20 PR104 Piano Tamada No $25
Hal Cooper 9/7/20 AR102 Preschool Art Grady Yes $25
Hope Barstad 9/5/20 PR102 Violin Dombrowski Yes $25
Jack Engelhart 9/5/20 AR105 Open Art Studio Pak No $20
Jenny Jones-Garrity 9/6/20 AR101 After School Art Morales No $30
Jeremy Donley 9/6/20 PR107 Guitar Blair No $25
Jon Innes 9/5/20 MU203 Intro Guitar Blair No $25
Jordy Kelly 9/6/20 AR104 Cartooning Saunders Yes $30
Jose Padilla 9/6/20 AR105 Open Art Studio Pak No $20
Julia Oliverio 9/6/20 MU202 Intro Piano Tamada Yes $25
Katie Attista 9/6/20 AR100 Preschool Art Grady Yes $25
Kerri Khum 9/7/20 AR103 After School Art Aubrey No $30
Liz Pazia 9/7/20 AR105 Open Art Studio Pak No $20
Maggie Hadsell 9/6/20 PR109 Violin Ricci Yes $25
Marco Alves 9/5/20 PR101 Guitar Blair Yes $25
Mark Flynn 9/5/20 MU200 Music Together Dombrowski No $15
Mary Jo Grams 9/5/20 MU200 Music Together Dombrowski No $15
Mary Malone 9/5/20 AR100 Preschool Art Grady No $25
Michael Streicher 9/5/20 AR101 After School Art Morales No $30
Nicole Pierce 9/7/20 AR102 Preschool Art Grady No $25
Pete Kasten 9/5/20 MU202 Intro Piano Tamada Yes $25
Piper August 9/5/20 AR103 After School Art Aubrey Yes $30
Rob Stockwell 9/6/20 AR101 After School Art Morales No $30
Samantha Roche 9/6/20 MU200 Music Together Dombrowski No $15
Sophia Halena 9/7/20 AR102 Preschool Art Grady Yes $25
Steve Ghandri 9/6/20 MU203 Intro Guitar Blair No $25
Tom Tedeschi 9/5/20 AR105 Open Art Studio Pak Yes $20
Tricia Ramos 9/6/20 PR106 Violin Ricci Yes $25
Wanda Harris 9/7/20 AR103 After School Art Aubrey No $30

Private Lessons

PAC
Code Name Time Day Location Fee Instructor
PR100 Piano 3:00 PM Monday Chopin Room $25 Dombrowski
PR101 Guitar 4:00 PM Monday Basie Hall $25 Blair
PR102 Violin 3:00 PM Tuesday Chopin Room $25 Dombrowski
PR103 Voice 4:00 PM Tuesday Basie Hall $25 Thurow
PR104 Piano 3:00 PM Wednesday Chopin Room $25 Tamada
PR105 Guitar 4:00 PM Wednesday Basie Hall $25 Blair
PR106 Violin 3:00 PM Thursday Chopin Room $25 Ricci
PR107 Guitar 4:00 PM Thursday Basie Hall $25 Blair
PR108 Piano 3:00 PM Friday Chopin Room $25 Dombrowski
PR109 Violin 4:00 PM Friday Chopin Room $25 Ricci
Name

Expansion

PAC
Loan Quotes for Expansion
Loan Option 1 Loan Option 2 Loan Option 3
Loan Amount $ 250,000.00 $ 250,000.00 $ 250,000.00
Yearly Interest Rate 4.35% 4.20% 3.95%
Term in Months 60 48 36
Monthly Payment:
Total Payments:
Total Interest:
 
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Homework 1-Apollo Shoes

Homework 1-Apollo Shoes
1. I need you to perform preliminary analytical procedures on the financial statements.
a. Calculate common-size financial statements and dollar amount and percent changes. I suggest you simply make a copy of your spreadsheet from your pro-forma financial statements that I asked you to prepare yesterday and remove the adjustment columns. Have there been any significant changes that we need to examine closer?
b. Calculate financial ratios. Assume the market value of the common stock is $24 million in both the current and prior years. Does anything jump out at you? In particular focus on:
i. Comparison in percentage growth in receivables to percentage growth in sales
ii. Comparison in percentage growth in inventories to percentage growth in sales
iii. Comparison in percentage growth in inventories to percentage growth in accounts payable
iv. Day sales in inventory
v. Day sales in accounts receivable
vi. What do you make of a firm’s stagnant stock price?
2. Write a brief memo (GA-4) highlighting what you believe are potential problem areas

An Audit Case to Accompany

AUDITING AND ASSURANCE SERVICES

Prepared by

Timothy J. Louwers

James Madison University

J. Kenneth Reynolds

Louisiana State University

Acknowledgements

We would like to gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance in preparing and completing this case. Sincere appreciation is due to Reagan McDougall, Meghan Peters, Denise Patterson, Bob Ramsay, and several classes of Louisiana State University students. Their suggestions greatly enhanced several portions of the case. However, we remain responsible for all errors of commission and omission.

Introduction

Apollo Shoes, Inc. is an audit case designed to introduce you to the entire audit process, from planning the engagement to drafting the final report. You are asked to assume the role of a veteran of two-to-three “busy” seasons, “in-charging” for the first time.

While Apollo Shoes’ growth has been phenomenal (there has been a dramatic growth in unaudited net income over the past year), there are some concerns: the client doesn’t want your firm (Anderson, Olds, and Watershed (AOW)) to talk with the predecessor auditor, a labor strike is looming, and one of Apollo Shoes’ largest customers is suffering some financial difficulties.

Because of busy season, there is little help, other than from an untrained intern. While the intern can do “grunt work,” such as vouching and gathering information for you, he appears incapable of preparing workpapers, making adjusting entries, or even getting good coffee and doughnuts. Assistance does come in the form of an objective, competent internal audit staff. Communication between client personnel and other firm members takes the form of e-mail messages from the engagement partner (Arnold Anderson), the engagement manager (Darlene Wardlaw), the intern (Bradley Crumpler), and the director of Apollo’s internal audit department (Karina Ramirez). Required assignments and memos are in bold print. Page indexing suggestions are given, but feel free to adjust page numbering as you see fit.

The AOW intranet website ( http:// www.mhhe.com/louwers3e / ) has many useful resources such as a repository of electronic documents (so that you won’t need to input data or retype documents) and an archive of e-mail messages and their attachments, all filed by account group.

While we tried to make the case as realistic as possible, limitations remain. Since you are unable to follow up directly with client personnel, you may need to rely on some evidence with which you may be uncomfortable. In an actual audit, you would be able to inquire, observe, and otherwise follow-up on any questions that you have until you feel comfortable relying on the evidence. To make sure that the case can be completed in a reasonable amount of time, we cut some corners with respect to audit sampling. Understand that audit sampling plays a large role in actual audit practice.

The information is sequential in nature. In other words, pay close attention to information disclosed early in the audit (for example, in the Board of Director’s minutes) as it may play a role in subsequent audit work. Similarly, the bank cutoff statement in the cash workpapers and invoices used for valuing inventory may be useful later in the search for unrecorded liabilities. Similarly, the bank confirmation contains information about long-term liabilities.

Lastly, while it is difficult for us to believe that not everyone enjoys auditing as much as we do, we have tried to make the case both interesting and enjoyable (in a perverse sort of way). You can think of the project as a puzzle, in which you have to fill in all the pieces. Alternatively, you could look at the project as a murder mystery that needs a solution. In either case, have fun!

Tim Louwers J. Kenneth Reynolds

Harrisonburg, VA Baton Rouge, LA

Table of Contents

Introduction 1

Table of Contents 2

Planning 3

Internal Control Evaluation 49

Substantive Testing: Cash 62

Substantive Testing: Accounts Receivable 72

Substantive Testing: Inventory 83

Substantive Testing: Prepaids and Other Assets 107

Substantive Testing: Fixed Assets 113

Substantive Testing: Liabilities 117

Substantive Testing: Payroll 123

Audit Wrap-up 130

image2.png

Date: Thu, 25 OCT 2007 00:42:35 +0000 From: “Darlene Wardlaw” < [email protected] > Subject: Upcoming Apollo Shoes Engagement Attachment: <<AudComMins—101807.doc>>

Well, first let me congratulate you on your recent promotion. Although we have not worked on an engagement together before, I have heard many good things about you. I look forward to working with you on the new Apollo Shoes engagement.

I understand that this is your first engagement to in-charge. Arnold Anderson (aka “Uncle Arnie”) will be the engagement partner; he is pretty sharp so you’ll have to stay on your toes. As engagement manager, I’ll try to help out as much as I can. Understand, however, that I am managing four other busy season engagements, so my interaction time with you will be limited. For now, I want you familiarize yourself with Apollo Shoes and help me out by doing the following:

1. SEC Filing : I have asked Larry Lancaster, President and chairman of the Apollo Shoes board of directors, to send you a copy of last year’s (2006) 10-K filing with the SEC. Review the information when you receive it, as it is one of the most important sources of information about a company.

2. Audit Committee Meeting : I have attached the minutes of an audit committee meeting that occurred last week. Please review the minutes of the meeting and draft an appropriate engagement letter (label it GA-1 , for General and Administrative, page 1) addressed to Mr. Lancaster. (Since this is our first year on the engagement, you might want to check one of your old auditing textbooks for an example.) I’ll review the letter before getting Arnold to sign it.

3. Audit Team: Based upon the information that you glean from 1 and 2 above, do you see any need for special business knowledge in regard to the basic type of business and products Apollo manages? Do you see any need for special audit or accounting expertise for any of the work that we have agreed to perform? In other words, since you’ll be in the trenches, what kind of expertise do you want on your audit team? Just write a brief audit staffing memo (GA-2) telling me what expertise you need to complete the audit and I’ll see if I can get them assigned to the audit team.

4. Scheduling: We are going to have to work around your other engagements, but we have you tentatively scheduled for one week in October (next week) for bringing you up to speed on Apollo and its industry, and five straight weeks beginning the last week in December for engagement planning, internal control evaluation, and substantive testing.

Finally, since most of our interaction will be by e-mail, please forgive me if I give you too much detail. Since we haven’t worked together before, I’d rather give you too much than too little until we get used to working together.

DW

Minutes of the Audit Committee, Apollo Shoes

October 18, 2007

Present at Meeting: Arnold Anderson, CPA (partner in charge of the audit); Darlene Wardlaw, CPA (engagement manager); Eric Unum (Apollo ’s vice president of finance); Mary Costain (Apollo ’s treasurer); Samuel Carboy (Apollo ’s controller); and Karina Ramirez (Apollo ’s director of internal audit). The three members of the audit committee of the board and the corporate secretary also were present, but they did not enter into the conversation.

Mr. Unum (VP finance): Well, I want to welcome the auditing firm of Anderson, Olds, and Watershed, CPAs to what we call the “Apollo Shoes Experience.” After our old auditors, Smith & Smith, CPAs, unexpectedly withdrew from the engagement, we were very happy to have a firm of your quality to come aboard.

Mr. Anderson (partner on the audit): Well, we are always looking for high quality clients. By the way, why did your previous auditors resign?

Mr. Unum (VP finance): I’d rather not talk about it. Arnold, will Darlene be in charge?

Mr. Anderson (partner on the audit): Yes, and she will be assisted by several of our best staff, including a tax specialist and an information systems auditor. We need to keep up to date on your computer systems. Back to your previous auditors, with your permission, we would like to contact them.

Mr. Unum (VP finance): Well, we’d rather you didn’t. There may be some litigation since they withdrew from the engagement with so little notice. Is it necessary for you to speak with them to accept the engagement?

Mr. Anderson (partner on the audit): No, not really, but it does raise some concerns for our firm.

Ms. Costain (treasurer): In the past, we have never had any unpleasant discoveries of embezzlement or theft, but we always want to be vigilant. Will you plan enough in-depth auditing to give us assurances about errors and frauds in the accounts?

Ms. Wardlaw (manager on the audit): We will follow audit standards and base our audit work on samples of transactions. We plan the work to look for major errors and frauds in the accounts, but cleverly hidden schemes might not be discovered. According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we will need to test the effectiveness of Apollo’s internal controls, as well as provide you the usual separate management letter on related findings.

Ms. Ramirez (internal auditor):  Darlene, I agree, it’s hard to uncover clever schemes. While I am new to Apollo, none of the projects that I have undertaken this year shows anything amiss, other than normal human error types or mistakes.

Ms. Costain (treasurer): This year, we want to add some work to the audit. I am short on staff time and need to have you prepare the state franchise tax return as well as the federal tax returns.

Ms. Wardlaw (manager on the audit): Our tax staffperson can do the state and federal returns, and I will have them reviewed by Maria Olds, our tax partner. In order to perform the tax work, Sarbanes-Oxley requires that we get prior approval from the audit committee to perform both the tax work as well as the audit.

Mr. Anderson (partner on the audit): I assume you also want us to review the 10-K filing material?

Mr. Unum (VP finance): Yes. Will you need any staff help from us?

Ms. Ramirez (internal auditor): Last year, Apollo was able to save on audit fees when my staff prepared a stack of schedules and analyses that our previous auditors needed.

Mr. Wardlaw (manager on the audit): Yes, Karina, I will give you a list of schedules for various accounts. I will appreciate your having them ready when we start fieldwork in mid January.

Mr. Carboy (controller): Speaking of being ready, we will be able to give you a trial balance the day after December 31.

Mr. Unum (VP finance): How much is this going to cost us?

Mr. Anderson (partner on the audit): It is difficult to give you a fixed fee deal, but my estimate, considering the additional work, is $750,000. Darlene will let you know immediately if problems arise to cause the work to be more extensive.

Mr. Unum (VP finance): Thank you. This has been a productive meeting of the minds. We look forward to your getting started next month.

Meeting ended 5:30 p.m. /s/ Jeff Chesnut, Secretary

C:/AudComMins—101807.doc/

Date: Fri, 26 OCT 2007 4:43:17 +0000 From: “Larry Lancaster” < [email protected] > Subject: Attached 10-K Filing

Attachments: <<Shareholder Letter.doc>>, <<10K.doc>>, <<ApolloShoesOrgChart.xls>>

I am sorry that you were unable to attend the audit meeting last week, but Darlene Wardlaw said that you were busy with another client. She asked that I forward a copy of our 10-K directly to you. I’ve attached one that we sent out to all shareholders with the Letter to Shareholders attached.

I’ve attached a copy of Apollo’s organizational table. Please let me know what my staff or I can do to help the audit go smoothly for you. I will have Karina Ramirez, our Director of Internal Audit, contact you to provide you with any other information that you need.

Larry

P.S. Do you play golf?

This Apollo message (including any attachments) contains confidential information intended for a specific individual and purpose, and is protected by law.  If you are not the intended recipient, you should delete this message and are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, or distribution of this message, or the taking of any action based on it, is strictly prohibited.

Letter to Fellow Shareholders

Dear Fellow Shareholders,

You may have noticed our competitor’s focus on earth-bound activities and athletes. Our focus is in exactly the opposite direction. In actuality, the technological superiority of our products is at the point where our sales are limited only by the technological inferiority of other scientific fields (specifically, current transportation means). As space exploration continues, we intend to be among the first to market our products in new worlds. It is there that our technological advances in light and sound can combine with our rugged footwear to propel all galactic sports participants to their fullest potential.

Back here on earth, the past year has been one of the most dynamic and exciting years since I began my tenure at Apollo Shoes. From the beginning, Apollo Shoes, Inc. has adapted itself to meet the needs of all its galactic customers and to take advantage of all opportunities supplied by exploration of new frontiers. After a record year when most companies may have wanted to relax and play it safe, we have decided to use this excitement to reach out further in our continuing mission: to make a difference in this galaxy.

Our product lines, led by the flagship products SPOTLIGHT (for athletes who like to compete at night) and SIREN (designed specifically for police officers working the graveyard shifts in our nation’s most dangerous cities) have met widespread acceptance. We have signed with some of this world’s premier athletes as spokespersons for our products, including a recent winner of the grueling Alaska Iditarod who used his SPOTLIGHTs to guide his dogs to a late night finish line. We are currently negotiating with a soccer league to exclusively use our SIRENs ; the shoe’s flashing lights are designed to go off after every team goal!

Our strategic management plans have allowed us to maintain a positive trend in income over the past several years, and this was no easy task, given the state of the galactic economy. Our net income for the year has been the best since we began operations four years ago. Next year appears even better!

The strength of our results for the past year should not be confused with the truth of the times. This was a uniformly difficult year for all businesses. Due to the conflicts in foreign countries, and uncertainty with the Federal Reserve’s adjustments of interest rates, consumer confidence has been negatively affected; therefore, fewer earth consumers are buying our state-of-the-art athletic equipment. All of our operating divisions were severely tested. I am proud of their responses. Although sales were not as strong as we had anticipated, our marketing plans will allow us to bounce back next year.

With the advent of significant new breakthrough technology by Apollo Shoes, Inc.’s research and development team, Apollo Shoes, Inc. now has the possibility to take a leadership role in the galactic athletic footwear market. Apollo Shoes, Inc. has always been known for its leadership position in electronic shoe technology, but we are now committed to expanding our marketing focus. With new applied technologies, Apollo Shoes, Inc. can maintain its tradition of high tech electronic performance and style. We continue to work on and improve the SPEAKERSHOE , an athletic shoe with an amplified loudspeaker, originally designed for the international recording group “Mythic Meathook.” We are hard at work on new ideas, such as the PHONESHOE , the sneaker with a cellular phone for those executives who like to simultaneously combine exercise with work. We anticipate that the PHONESHOE will capture a significant piece of this quickly expanding market.

At Apollo Shoes, Inc., we like to briefly acknowledge achievement and then proceed to new challenges. This year was great only because it provided us with resources to expand operations and further technological progress. As we continue into this century of “more, faster, better,” it is critical to continue this tradition because production, speed, and quality are critical elements for future success. We look forward to the challenge.

Larry Lancaster

Chairman, President and CEO

<<Shareholder Letter.Doc>>

——————————–

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

————————

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-9Z40

APOLLO SHOES INC.

(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)

MAINE X8-061325

(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (IRS EMPLOYER

INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NO.)

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

TITLE OF EACH CLASS NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE

ON WHICH REGISTERED

——————- —————————————–

COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE, $1.00 PER SHARE STUDS

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: NONE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this

Form 10-K. [X]

As of March 8, 2007, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $24,315,000.

As of March 8, 2007, 8,105,000 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock were issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Definitive Proxy Statement dated December 12, 2006 for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on Tuesday, February 27, 2007 at the End of the Universe Restaurant in downtown Shoetown.

APOLLO SHOES INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item 1. Business i

Item 2. Properties ii

Item 3. Legal Proceedings iii

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. iii

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters. iii

Item 6. Selected Financial Data iv

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial

Condition and Results of Operations v

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data vi

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants xix

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant xix

Item 11. Executive Compensation xix

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management. xix

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions. xix

Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K xx

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements with regard to the Company’s revenues, earnings, spending, margins, cash flow, orders, inventory, products, actions, plans, strategies and objectives. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and may contain the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will result,” “could,” “may,” “might,” or any variations of such words or other words with similar meanings. Any such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those discussed in such forward-looking statements. Prospective information is based on management’s then current expectations or forecasts. Such information is subject to the risk that such expectations or forecasts, or the assumptions underlying such expectations or forecasts, become inaccurate. For a description of such risks, see the section below entitled “ISSUES AND UNCERTAINTIES.”

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

Apollo Shoes, Inc. is a planetary distributor specializing in technologically superior athletic podiatric products. The Company’s brands– SIREN , SPOTLIGHT , and SPEAKERSHOE  are used extensively in many athletic competitions, such as the Switzerland Watersports Games in Zurich. The Company is excited about this annual event that exhibits to the entire world the skills and spirit of outstanding Swiss aquatic athletes.

The Company’s products are shipped to large and small retail outlets in a six-state area. The company stocks a wide range of shoe products and has a large base of retail store customers. Apollo operates from a large office, operations, and warehouse facility in the Shoetown, Maine area.

Apollo Shoes, incorporated in the state of Delaware, is a public corporation. Its stock is traded in the over-the-counter market. No one presently owns more than 4 percent of the outstanding common stock. The company is subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.

Organization and Personnel

Apollo Shoes is a medium-sized corporation. It has over 100 employees organized in five departments headed by vice presidents.

Marketing

The marketing department handles advertising and direct contact with customers. The marketing department vice president supervises the sales staff, the advertising staff, and the customer relations staff.

i

Finance

The finance department has two subordinate offices—the treasurer and the controller. The treasurer supervises the cashiers and the cash management professionals. The controller’s office has the following departments and personnel: billing department, accounts receivable/cash receipts department, accounts payable/cash disbursements department, inventory records department, payroll department, general ledger department, and financial statement department.

Information Systems

An information systems department was created this past year. At present, the staff consists of a Director of IS (information systems), a systems development project manager and two programmer/analysts, an operations manager (who also serves as the librarian and control clerk), and two machine operators.

When the information systems department became active, the director was promoted to vice president. Apollo obtained a wireless local area network (LAN) multiserver soon after and began testing the hardware and software. Since the new computer system was designed and customized to Apollo’s needs, every effort was made to keep as many as possible of the procedures and business documents used in the manual system. This made the transition to the computer system easy on the employees, thus reducing training and employee objections to the computer.

Operations

The operations department contains production planning specialists and some production control professionals, who assist the marketing department in technical matters and assist customers with product specifications. Operations supervisors supervise hourly workers who move products from receiving, inventory, and shipping to serve customer demand. The department also supervises the timekeepers, who maintain the workers’ time clocks and collect payroll time cards. The operations department contains the critical functions of purchasing, receiving, and shipping. Inventory storekeeping responsibility is also in this department, with some inventory managers. For reasons lost to history, the department also has the mailroom and the personnel department.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

Until February of 2004, the Company leased most of the properties that were used in its business. Its corporate headquarters relocated at that time to office facilities in Shoetown, Maine. At its corporate headquarters, the Company occupies approximately 10,000 square feet of space. A lease on an operations facility expires on June 30, 2007. This warehouse and distribution center is located approximately one mile from the Company headquarters and contains approximately 450,000 total square feet of usable space.

ii

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

On September 15, 2006, the Company agreed to settlement of a suit brought against the Company by a competitor for patent infringement for the Company’s use of the Siren. While the Company denies any wrongdoing, the Company felt that the settlement would be preferable to a long litigation process. The final settlement totaled $11,695,000 ($19,172,000, net of a tax benefit of $7,477,000).

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.

No matter was submitted during 2006 to a vote of security holders, through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

The Company’s common stock is quoted on the Security Traders, Underwriters, and Dealers System (STUDS) under the symbol APLS. The following table, derived from data supplied by STUDS, sets forth the quarterly high and low sale prices during 2006 and 2005.

PRIVATE   2006       2005  
  High   Low   High   Low
First 14 5/8   3 3/8   4   3 1/2
Second 11   2 5/8   4 5/8   4 1/4
Third 8 1/4   3 1/4   8 1/8   4
Fourth 5 5/8   3 1/8   11 1/2   5

The stock price at closing on December 31, 2006, was $3 1/4 per share.

As of December 31, 2006, there were approximately 15,342 holders of record of the Company’s Common Stock including those shares held in “street name”. The Company believes that it has in excess of 16,000 shareholders.

The Company has never paid cash dividends on its Common Stock and the Board of Directors intends to retain all of its earnings to finance the development and expansion of its business. However, there can be no assurance that the Company can successfully expand its operations, or that such expansion will prove profitable. Future dividend policy will depend upon the Company’s earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, and other factors considered relevant by the Company’s Board of Directors.

iii

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

APOLLO SHOES, INC.

in thousands (except per share data)

Income Statement Data

PRIVATE Year Ended December 31
  2006 2005 2004 2003  

Net Sales $240,575 $236,299 $182,209 $138,920  
Income Before Taxes $26,337 $54,680 $2,226 $1,757  
Income Taxes $10,271 $21,634 $636 $502  
Net Income $4,371 $1,745 $1,590 $1,255  
Earnings Per Share $0.54 $0.22 $0.55 $0.44  

Balance Sheet Data

PRIVATE As of December 31,
  2006 2005 2004 2003  

Working Capital $20,482 $16,866 ($1,951) ($2,356)  
Total Assets $36,794 $21,304 $6,754 $6,062  
Long‑Term Debt $0 $0 $0 $0  
Shareholders’ Equity $22,119 $17,748 $5,470 $3,880  

iv

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

2006 Financial Results

Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased 2% to $240,575,000, when compared to the same period in 2005. The sales growth was primarily due to new products introduced during the 2006 fiscal year. The average selling price per product in the year ended December 31, 2006 increased approximately 2% from the year ended December 31, 2005.

Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 41% of sales compared with 49% for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease was primarily due to higher prices charged by our suppliers for raw materials.

Selling, general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 30% of net sales as compared to 26% for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase of 16% to $71,998,000 was primarily the result of increases in staffing and increased professional expenses. The increased professional fees were primarily related to the settlement of litigation brought against us by a competitor. Rather than face a costly, lengthy litigation process, the Company decided to settle out of court. The Company vehemently denies any wrongdoing in the matter.

Total research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2006 were 5% of net sales and increased by 10% when compared to the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase was primarily due to the addition of engineering personnel. Research and development activities were focused on continued development of PHONESHOE and SPEAKERSHOE technology.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s principal source of operating funds has been from proceeds from short-term borrowing against a $50 million line of credit. While the credit facility must be renewed each year, the Company foresees no problems with renewal for the foreseeable future.

The Company intends to use its capital resources to expand its operations facilities and to increase research and development in order to maintain its competitive advantage in podiatric technology. There are no other significant capital requirements identified at this time.

Management believes that the effect of inflation on the business of the Company for the past three years has been minimal.

The Company believes that its current working capital of $20,482 million and anticipated working capital to be generated by future operations will be sufficient to support the Company’s working capital requirements for the foreseeable future.

v

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

STATEMENTS OF INCOME

APOLLO SHOES, INC.

in thousands (except per share data)

For year ended, December 31, 2006 2005
Net Sales (Note 2) $240,575 $236,299
Cost of Sales $141,569 $120,880
Gross Profit $99,006 $115,419
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses $71,998 $61,949
Interest Expense (Note 7) $875 0
Other Expense (Income) ($204) ($1,210)
Earnings from Continuing Operations Before Taxes $26,337 $54,680
Income Tax Expense (Note 10) $10,271 $21,634
Earnings from Continuing Operations $16,066 $33,046
Discontinued Operations, Net of tax benefit   ($31,301)
Extraordinary Item, Net of tax benefit (Note 11) ($11,695)  
Net Income $4,371 $1,745
Earnings Per Common Share    
From Continuing Operations $1.98 $4.08
Other ($1.44) ($3.86)
Net Income $0.54 $0.22
Weighted shares of common stock outstanding 8,105 8,105

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

vi

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

APOLLO SHOES, INC.

in thousands

As of December 31 2006 2005
Assets    
Cash $3,245 $3,509
Accounts Receivable (Net of Allowances of $1,263 and 210, respectively) (Note 3) 15,148 2,738
Inventory (Note 4) 15,813 13,823
Prepaid Expenses 951 352
Current Assets $35,157 $20,422
Property, Plant, and Equipment (Note 5) 1,174 300
Less Accumulated Depreciation (164) (31)
  $1,010 $269
Investments (Note 6) 613 613
Other Assets 14 0
Total Assets $36,794 $21,304
Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity    
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses $4,675 $3,556
Short-Term Liabilities (Note 7) 10,000 0
Current Liabilities $14,675 3,556
Long-Term Debt (Note 7) 0 0
Total Liabilities $14,675 3,556
Common Stock 8,105 8,105
Additional Paid-in Capital 7,743 7,743
Retained Earnings 6,271 1,900
Total Shareholders’ Equity $22,119 $17,748
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity $36,794 $21,304

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

vii

STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

APOLLO SHOES, INC.

in thousands

PRIVATE Shares Par Value

($1 per share)

Additional Paid-in Capital Retained

Earnings

Other Total
Balance, December 31, 2004 2,873 $2,873 $2,442 $155 $0 $5,470
Net Income       $1,745   $1,745
Exercise of Stock Options 232 $232 $301     $533
Other 5,000 $5,000 $5,000     $10,000
Balance, December 31, 2005 8,105 $8,105 $7,743 $1,900 $0 $17,748
Net Income       $4,371   $4,371
Exercise of Stock Options 0 $0       $0
Other           $0
Balance, December 31, 2006 8,105 $8,105 $7,743 $6,271 $0 $22,119

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

viii

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

APOLLO SHOES, INC.

in thousands

For the year ended December 31, 2006 2005
Cash Flows from Operating Activities    
Net Income $4,371 $1,745
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided    
Depreciation and Amortization $133 $26
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities    
Decrease (Increase) in Current Assets    
Accounts Receivable ($12,410) ($2,073)
Inventory ($1,990) ($11,861)
Prepaid Expenses ($599) ($123)
Increase (Decrease) in Current Liabilities    
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses $1,119 $5,504
Total Adjustments ($13,747) ($8,527)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities ($9,376) ($6,782)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities    
Capital Expenditures ($874) ($255)
Purchase of Other Assets ($14)  
Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities ($888) ($255)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities    
Proceeds from the Issuance of Debt $10,000  
Proceeds from the Issuance of Common Stock   $10,533
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities $10,000 $10,533
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash ($264) $3,496
Cash at Beginning of Year $3,509 $13
Cash at End of Year $3,245 $3,509

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

ix

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

APOLLO SHOES, INC.

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business activity The Company develops and markets technologically superior podiatric athletic products under various trademarks, including SIREN, SPOTLIGHT, and SPEAKERSHOE.

Marketable Securities Investments are valued using the market value method for investments of less than 20%, and by the equity method for investments greater than 20% but less than 50%.

Cash equivalents Cash equivalents are defined as highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at date of purchase.

Inventory valuation Inventories are stated at the lower of First-in, First-out (FIFO) or market.

Property and equipment and depreciation Property and equip​ment are stated at cost. The Company uses the straight-line method of depreciation for all additions to property, plant and equipment.

Intangibles Intangibles are amortized on the straight-line method over periods benefited.

Net Sales Sales for 2006 and 2005 are presented net of sales returns and allowances of $4.5 million, and $0.9 million, respectively, and net of warranty expenses of $1.1 million, and $0.9 million, respectively.

Income taxes Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effects of timing differences in reporting the results of operations for financial statements and income tax purposes, and relate principally to valuation reserves for accounts receivable and inventory, accelerated depreciation and unearned compensation.

Net income per common share Net income per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding for the period.

Reclassification Certain amounts have been reclassified to con​form to the 2006 presentation.

2. Significant Customers

Approximately 15%, and 11% of sales are to one customer for years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

x

3. Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable consists of the following at December 31:

PRIVATE in thousands 2006
Trade Receivables $16,411
Employee and Officer Receivables 0
  16,411
Less Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (1,263)
Net Accounts Receivable $ 15,148

Amount charged to bad debt expense for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 1,622,000. Writeoffs for the year were approximately the same.

4. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following at December 31:

PRIVATE in thousands 2006
Siren $3,098
Speaker 9,571
Spotlight 6,156
  18,825
Less Reserve for Inventory Obsolescence (3,012)
Ending Inventory $15,813

5. Property and equipment

Property is stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Property and Equipment at December 31 was as follows:

PRIVATE in thousands 2006
Land $117
Buildings and Land Improvements 624
Machinery, Equipment and Office Furniture 433
Total Land, plant and equipment 1,174
Less Accumulated depreciation (164)
Net Land, Plant and Equipment $1,010

xi

6. Investments

In order to receive a higher rate of return on its excess liquid assets, the Company invested approximately $0.6 million in stock for a 25% share in the SHOCK-PROOF SOCKS Company in 2004. This investment is valued in the financial statements using the Equity method. SHOCK-PROOF SOCKS did not recognize any income and did not pay any dividends in 2005 and 2006. In addition, the Company incurred approximately $14,000 in legal fees to register the patent for the PHONESHOE. The asset will be amortized over its useful life of 17 years.

7. Debt

At December 31, 2006, the Company had $10,000,000 outstanding in short-term borrowings under a $50 million secured revolving credit line with a local financial institution. The line of credit is secured by the Company’s inventory. The interest rate charged on this agreement is the Prime Rate plus 3%. This credit line is evaluated annually on June 30 by the lending institution.

Annual maturities of debt obligations are as follows:

2007 $10,000,000

2008 0

Total Debt $10,000,000

8. Commitments

Annual obligations under non‑cancelable operating leases are as follows:

2007 $1,200,000

Thereafter 0

Rent expense charged to operations for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 was $2.6 million and $3.7 million, respectively.

xii

10. Income taxes

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following for the years ended December 31:

2006 2005

Current:

Federal $ 2,025 $ 873

State 365 154

$ 2,390 $ 1,027

Deferred:

Federal $ 340 $ (42)

State 64 (7)

$ 404 $ (49)

$ 2,794 $ 978

Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effects of timing differences in reporting the results of operations for financial statements and income tax purposes, and relate principally to valuation reserves for accounts receivable and inventory, accelerated depreciation and unearned compensation. A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax provision to the actual provision follows for the years ended December 31:

2006 2005

Federal Statutory Rate 34.0% 34.0%

State taxes, less federal benefit 6.0% 6.0%

Research and experimentation credit (2.0%) (1.4%)

Other 1.0% 1.0%

Effective Tax Rate 39.0% 39.6%

11. Litigation

On September 15, 2006, the Company agreed to settlement of a suit brought against the Company by a competitor for patent infringement for the Company’s use of the Siren. While the Company denies any wrongdoing, the Company felt that the settlement would be preferable to a long litigation process. The final settlement totaled $11,695,000 ($19,172,000, net of a tax benefit of $7,477,000).

12. Related-party transactions

On February 1, 2006, the Company purchased its operating facility and equipment from a company controlled by two previous directors and shareholders of the Company for $623,905.92. Currently, the Company leases a second facility and equipment from the same company for approximately $200,000 per month. The Company’s lease ends in June 2007 at which time all operations will be moved to the central headquarters building.

xiii

13. Employee benefit plans

The Company sponsors a defined-contribution retirement plan covering substantially all of its earth employees. Contributions are deter​mined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Aggregate contribu​tions made by the Company to the plans and charged to operations in 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $3 million, $3 million and $3 million, respectively.

14. Concentrations of credit risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of trade receivables and interest-bearing investments. The Company sells a significant amount of its product to one retail distributor with sales operations located throughout North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. The Company is currently negotiating to increase its sales to that company, as well as enter into long-term relationships with two other large retail distributors. The Company performs on‑going credit evaluations of all of its customers and generally does not require collateral. The Company maintains adequate reserves for potential losses and such losses, which have been minimal, have been included in management’s estimates.

The Company places substantially all its interest-bearing investments with several major financial institutions. Corporate policy limits the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution.

xiv

CERTIFICATIONS

We, Larry Lancaster and Joe Bootwell, certify that:

1. We have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Apollo Shoes, Inc.;

2. Based on our knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on our knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. We are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. We have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: February 4, 2007

Larry Lancaster

 

Joe Bootwell
Larry Lancaster Joe Bootwell
Chairman of the Board of Directors,

President and CEO

Executive Senior Vice-President and CFO

xv

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of APOLLO SHOES, INC.

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of APOLLO SHOES, INC. as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the related statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the two years in the period ended December 31, 2006. We have also audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that APOLLO SHOES, INC. maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control ​– Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO criteria). APOLLO SHOES’ management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements, an opinion on management’s assessment, and an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of the financial statements including examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of APOLLO SHOES, INC. as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the results of its operations and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, management’s assessment that APOLLO SHOES, INC. maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the COSO criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, APOLLO SHOES, INC. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the COSO criteria.

Smith & Smith, CPA’s

Shoetown, Maine

January 29, 2007 xvi

CORPORATE INFORMATION

Auditors

Smith & Smith, CPA’s

31rst Financial Avenue

Shoetown, ME 00002

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The Twenty-First National Bank of Maine is the Transfer Agent and Registrar for the Company’s common stock and maintains shareholder accounting records. The Transfer Agent should be contacted on ques​tions of changes in address, name or ownership; lost certificates and consolidation of accounts.

The Twenty-First National Bank of Maine

Shareholder Correspondence

Post Office Box 1

Shoetown, ME 00002

Form 10‑K

For a copy of the Form 10‑K Annual Report, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission write to:

Office of Investor Relations

Apollo Shoes Inc.

100 Shoe Plaza

Shoetown, ME 00001

Annual Meeting

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders was held at 10:00 a.m., local time, on Tuesday, February 28, 2006 at the End of the Universe Restaurant in downtown Shoetown. Shareholders of record on February 14, 2006 were entitled to vote at the meeting.

The PHONESHOE, SIREN, SPEAKERSHOE, and the SPOTLIGHT Designs are registered trademarks of Apollo Shoes, Inc.

xvii

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Larry Lancaster

Chairman, President and CEO

APOLLO SHOES, INC.

Eric. P. Unum

Vice-President – Finance

*Fritz Brenner

President

The Widget Corporation

*Ivan Gorr

President

Far More Drugs, Inc.

*Harry Baker

Executive Vice President and Treasurer

Iguana Growers of America Inc.

*Theodore Horstmann

Minister of Commerce

Anglonesia

*Josephine Mandeville, PH.D., CPA

Professor of Accountancy and Typing

Graduate School of Business and Clerical Skills

* External Directors

CORPORATE OFFICERS

Larry Lancaster

Chairman, President and CEO

Joe Bootwell

Executive Senior Vice President and CFO

Fred Durkin

Vice-President – Marketing

Daisy Gardner

Vice-President – Operations

Eric. P. Unum

Vice-President – Finance

Sue D. Fultz

Vice-President – Legal Affairs

Mary Costain

Treasurer

Jeff Chesnut

Secretary

xviii

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS

Smith and Smith, CPAs, withdrew as the Company’s auditors after completing the 2006 audit. The auditors expressed concerns about “mutually incongruent goals.”

The Company is considering legal action against the firm.

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

The president, Larry Lancaster, is both chairman of the board of directors and President and chief executive officer (CEO). Eric Unum (Vice-President – Finance) is also a member of the board, along with five outside (independent) directors who never worked for the Apollo organization. Three outside board members constitute the audit committee of the board.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

(Approximate amounts expressed in thousands)

Larry Lancaster, Chairman, President and CEO 2,500

Sue D. Fultz, Vice-President – Legal Affairs 1,500

Joe Bootwell, Executive Senior Vice President and CFO 1,200

Fred Durkin, Vice-President – Marketing 1,000

Eric. P. Unum, Vice-President – Finance 590

Daisy Gardner, Vice-President – Operations 410

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.

Currently, no management personnel hold stock ownership in the Company

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.

On February 1, 2006, the Company purchased its operating facility and equipment from a company controlled by two previous directors and shareholders of the Company for $623,905.92. Currently, the Company leases a second facility and equipment from the same company for approximately $200,000 per month. The Company’s lease ends in June 2007 at which time all operations will be moved to the central headquarters building. The two previous directors are no longer associated with Apollo Shoes.

xix

ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K

QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

2006 March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Total
Net Sales $58,236 $59,759 $60,239 $62,341 $240,575
Gross Profit $24,372 $24,996 $24,356 $25,282 $99,006
S,G, & A Expenses $16,478 $17,695 $17,347 $20,478 $71,998
Net Income $4,815 $4,454 ($7,785) $2,887 $4,371
Earnings Per Share $0.59 $0.55 ($0.96) $0.36 $0.54

The Company filed one 8-K dealing with the withdrawal of its auditor on January 30, 2007. It is incorporated in this document by reference.

<<10-K.Doc>>

xx

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<<ApolloShoesOrgChart.xls>> Date: Mon, 29 OCT 2007 07:14:35 +0000 From: “Karina Ramirez” < [email protected] > Subject: Upcoming Apollo Shoes Engagement Attachment: <<APManual.doc>>

Per your request, I have attached a copy of our accounting and procedures manual. We look forward to your upcoming fieldwork. Please let us know if there is anything else we can provide you to make your job easier.

Karina

Karina Ramirez

Director, Internal Audit

Apollo Shoes, Inc.

This Apollo message (including any attachments) contains confidential information intended for a specific individual and purpose, and is protected by law.  If you are not the intended recipient, you should delete this message and are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, or distribution of this message, or the taking of any action based on it, is strictly prohibited.

Apollo Shoes

Accounting and Control Procedure Manual

Sales and Accounts Receivable

Daily batches of sales invoices shall be analyzed by sales totals in the athletic shoes product lines. Sales credits are coded to three product line sales revenue accounts.

Charges to customer accounts should be dated the date of shipment.

When sales invoices are recorded, the numerical sequence shall be checked by an accounts receivable clerk, and missing invoices must be located and explained. The items shipped shall be compared to the items billed for proper quantity, price, and other sales order terms.

The general ledger supervisor shall compare the copy 2 daily batch total with the copy 4 individual accounts posting total sent from the accounts receivable department.

Discrepancies shall be investigated to help assure that the customer subsidiary accounts are posted for the same total amount posted to the control account.

At the end of each month, the total of the trial balance of customer account balances (prepared by the accounts receivable department) shall be reconciled to the general ledger control account by the general ledger supervisor.

Sales invoice batches shall be dated with the date of shipment, and totals of batches (including product line sales for athletic shoes) shall be accumulated each month and recorded in the accounts receivable control and sales revenue accounts. The general ledger supervisor shall approve all monthly summary entries before they are posted to the general ledger.

The treasurer shall approve all cash refunds and allowance credit memos for sales returns, after initiation by customer relations personnel.

The marketing vice president shall periodically analyze sales activity by product lines in comparison to budgets and forecasts and prior years’ activity.

Cash Management

The monthly bank statements shall be mailed to the cash management department in the treasurer’s office. Personnel use the duplicate deposit slips retained when bank deposits were made, the cash receipts journal listing, and the cash disbursements listing to reconcile the general bank accounts. The payroll bank account is also reconciled, utilizing the payroll register retained by the treasurer’s office.

Cash management personnel shall compare cash receipts journal daily deposit records with the bank deposits and duplicate deposit slips when the general bank account reconciliation is performed.

At the discretion of the director of internal audit, internal auditors will occasionally make unannounced reviews of the bank account reconciliations. They may also prepare reconciliations without prior notice given to cash management personnel.

Cash Receipts and Accounts Receivable Processing

All cash receipts from customers related to sales shall be credited to accounts receivable individual and control accounts.

The accounts receivable department shall post credits to individual customer accounts, dating the entries with the date of the remittance list.

Statements of accounts receivable balances shall be mailed to customers each month by the accounts receivable accounting department. Customers’ reports of disputes or differences shall be handled by customer relations personnel in the marketing department.

Cash Disbursements

All disbursements shall be made by check, signed by the treasurer, including reimbursements of the petty cash funds.

Checks shall be made payable to a named payee and not to “cash.”

Blank check stock shall be kept under lock and key in the accounts payable accounting department. Under no circumstances may blank checks be signed by the treasurer.

Voided and spoiled checks shall be transmitted to the treasurer for inspection and later filed in numerical order with paid checks.

Cash disbursement journal entries shall be dated with the date of the check. The related monthly general ledger summary entries shall carry the date of the month summarized.

Inventory Perpetual Records

Inventory additions shall be dated with the date of the receiving report.

Inventory issues shall be dated with the date of shipment.

Fixed Asset Records and Transactions

When acquisition costs exceed the capital budget authorization by 10 percent or more, the additional expenditure shall be approved by the treasurer and board of directors, in advance if possible.

Zero salvage values shall be used in all depreciation calculations.

Useful life and depreciation method assignments for financial statement calculations shall follow these general guidelines:

Buildings Declining Balance 15 years

Equipment Declining Balance 3-6 years

All repair, maintenance, and capital additions less than $5,000 shall be expensed. Amounts over $5,000 should always be capitalized unless unusual conditions point to proper expensing.

Attachment: <<APManual.doc>>

Date: Mon, 29 OCT 2007 06:42:35 +0000 From: “Darlene Wardlaw” <[email protected]> Subject: Upcoming Apollo Shoes Engagement

Apollo denied our request to speak with the predecessor auditors because of “litigation concerns.” I’ve looked at the 8-K filed by Apollo and the auditors referenced in the 10-K. I didn’t attach a copy because it didn’t say much, just something about “incongruent goals,” blah, blah, blah. Against my advice, Arnold decided to accept the engagement anyway. Keep your eyes open!

The good news is that the predecessor auditors, Smith and Smith, CPAs, have a good reputation, so you can use last year’s audited numbers from the 10-K. The bad news is that we don’t have access to prior year working papers. You’ll need to come up with programs for the substantive audit procedures for each of the functional balance sheet areas (indicated with an asterisk (*) below). You can download copies of the audit programs from AuditNet ( www.auditnet.org ) under “Auditors Sharing Audit Programs” or get them from an old auditing textbook. My preference is to place the audit programs at the beginning of each section. Label the sections as follows:

GA series (GA-1, GA-2, etc.) General and Administrative (Planning)

ICC series Revenue/Collection Cycle Internal Control Evaluation

ICD series Purchasing/Disbursements Internal Control Evaluation

ICP series Payroll Internal Control Evaluation

A series Trial Balance/Financial Statements/Adjustments/Footnotes

B series* Cash Substantive Workpapers

C series* Accounts Receivable Substantive Workpapers

D series* Inventory Substantive Workpapers

E series* Prepaids Substantive Workpapers

F series* Property, Plant and Equipment Substantive Workpapers

I series* Other Assets Substantive Workpapers

L series* Current Liabilities Substantive Workpapers

N series* Notes Payable Substantive Workpapers

Q series* Stockholders’ Equity Substantive Workpapers

R series* Revenue Substantive Workpapers

X series* Expenses Substantive Workpapers

Because we are so understaffed during busy season, you are going to have to perform the bulk of the audit yourself. I was only able to get you a spring intern (Bradley Crumpler) from Caledonia State University (heck, I didn’t even know they had an accounting program!). He is the only unassigned person in the office right now. Because I am unsure of his training, I suggest that you only use him for “grunt work.” Also, I checked into the background and experience of Karina Ramirez, Apollo’s Internal Auditor. Apparently, she was an auditor with a Big 4 firm for 8 years before coming to Apollo and has served on the state CPA society’s ethics committee. I also went through her workpapers; they appear to be top-notch. Lastly, she reports directly to the Audit Committee, so we can rely on her to be objective. I think we can rely on her work during our engagement.

DW

P.S. Thanks for drafting the engagement letter. I only had to make a couple of changes before Arnold signed it.

Date: Mon, 7 JAN 2008 12:45:39 +0000 From: “Darlene Wardlaw” <[email protected]> Subject: Apollo Shoes minutes Attachments: << AudComMins—010307.doc>><< AudComMins—063007.doc>><< AudComMins—010308.doc>>

Hope the inventory observation went well. I saw Bradley in the office working on some inventory stuff. He said that he would e-mail it to you when it was completed.

Sorry I haven’t made it out to Apollo yet. I did meet with Jeff Chestnutt (Apollo’s corporate secretary) who allowed me to copy the minutes of the Board of Directors. The board of directors met twice during the period under audit, January 1 through December 31, and once more last week. I have attached copies. Study these minutes – they provide a history of every important event and transaction that Apollo has undergone during the past year. Make notes in the form below for the audit working papers of matters relevant for the audit of the 2007 financial statements. Prepare a working paper (GA-3) for my review with proper headings and these two columns:

Information Relevant to 2007 Audit Audit Action Recommended

You may want to stick a copy of the minutes in the workpapers ( GA-3-1, GA-3-2 , etc.) behind your memo when you are done with them.

DW

 
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