Carbon Footprint

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Carbon Footprint Exercise

1) Go to https://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx

2) Calculate your carbon footprint.  For each tab (Welcome, House, Flights, etc.) fill in the information asked for.

3) If it doesn’t apply to you, skip that tab.

4) If you live in a dorm and your academic institution does not provide the information, you can use information from your parent’s bills and calculate your footprint making the assumption you still live there.

5) When you are done entering all your information, go to the results page.  Take a screenshot of the results and paste it into your Word or pdf document.

6) Answer the following questions.

a) What is a carbon footprint?

b) What makes the greatest contribution to your CO2 emissions?

c) What are carbon offsets?

d) The goal of this assignment was for you to learn about all the potential contributions to the carbon cycle you are part of.  What were your major take-home lessons from this exercise?  If you are interested in making changes, what would they be?  What types of changes do you think would require societal change (infrastructure, technology) before you could make a significant change?

12/13/17

1

What Determines Global Temperatures?

What determines the radiative budget of the planet?

• Solar radiation from sun • Lost radiation back to space

• Absorbed radiation retained by planet

Radiative Forcings A radiative forcing is a factor that changes the

balance between radiation coming into the atmosphere and radiation going out.

 

Radiative Forcings Radiative forcing is a factor that changed in

the balance between radiation coming into the atmosphere and radiation going out.

Positive forcings tend on average to warm the

surface of the earth

Radiative Forcings Radiative forcing is a factor that changed in

the balance between radiation coming into the atmosphere and radiation going out.

Positive forcings tend on average to warm the

surface of the earth

Negative forcings tend on average to cool the surface of the earth.

 

 

 

12/13/17

2

Radiative forcings & feedbacks* •  Positive

– Greenhouse gases – Tropospheric ozone – Solar radiation – Black carbon on snow (also aerosols) – Water vapor* – Albedo* – loss of sea ice and snow cover.

•  Negative – Aerosols (clouds* and industrial aerosols) – Albedo – Landuse

Radiative forcings can change independent of global

temperatures

Feedbacks are “forcings” that change with temperature.

Greenhouse gases

How do we know increases in these gases increase global

temperatures?

Historical Correlation

Quantum Mechanics

O2 and N2 do not absorb and emit energy from photons with

wavelengths in the infrared range.

Greenhouse gases do and in all

directions.

Weather versus Climate?

12

 

 

12/13/17

3

Weather vs. Climate • Weather

– Time scale: minutes to seasons – Spatial scale: local to regional

• Climate – Time scale: averaged of years and decades – Spatial scale: regional to global – Patterns of weather over long periods

• Hurricanes • Droughts • Precipitation • etc.

13

Global Temperatures

How do we measure the earth’s temperature?

15

Instrumental Record Thermometers and Satellites

16 1840’s to present 1978 to present

Instrumental Record • Weather stations around the world • Data collected by several different

research groups. – NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies

(GISS) – National Oceanographic and Atmospheric

Administration (NOAA) national Climate data Center (NCDC)

– Hadley Centre of the UK Meteorological Office (HADCRUT)

• They quality check the data and produce analyzed data sets. 17

Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature study (BEST) • Richard Muller – physicist who was

skeptical of other groups work • Analyzed global data using a different

methodology and additional data •  Found same patterns as other groups

18

 

 

12/13/17

4

Satellites • Measure temperature indirectly by

irradiance and at different layers of atmosphere

• Two groups analyze data • Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) • University of Alabama, Huntsville (UAH) • Both groups show warming trend

– RSS, 0.162 oC per decade – UAH, 0.138 oC per decade – Instrumental 0.2 oC per decade 19

Proxy Record

20

Temperature Proxies • Proxy

– something that reliably changes with temperature.

– Needs to be comparable to present measurements. Something that changed both before and and after the instrumental record.

• Types of Proxies – Isotopes in organisms and rocks – Isotopes in ice cores – Stratigraphic profiles of organisms – Tree ring data

21

During the ice ages, how did global temperatures fluctuate?

23

Pattern during ice ages • Changes from 4 oC to 7 oC • Change since last ice age of about 4 oC • Abrupt changes in Ice ages occur over

5000 to 10,000 years • Last 150 years 0.99 oC and predictions for

200 year period between 2 oC to 6 oC. • Causes of changes different

24

 

 

12/13/17

5

Since the last ice age, how do global temperatures fluctuate?

The last 1,800 years

The last 1,000 years 1,800 year global pattern

• Warmer today than anytime in that period • Medieval Climate Anomaly (800 – 1200 AD) • Little Ice Age (1550 – 1850 AD)

28

Pattern since industrial revolution

29 base period 1951-1980

 

 

12/13/17

6

Why is the Arctic warming so fast?

31

Arctic Warming

Arctic Warming 2 times global rate

Arctic Amplification • Sea ice acts as a reflector which cools the

Arctic. • As Arctic warms there is less sea ice on

average over the year. • Areas free of sea ice absorb heat instead

of reflect it. • This creates even more warming and

more ice melt. • Which results a positive feedback loop.

34

What about the oceans? Ocean versus land

Air above oceans versus ocean water

36

 

 

12/13/17

7

38

Energy Budget Inflation

 
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Outline & Literature Search

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Please provide me with a brief outline of your p. aper.  See the mail I sent titled “Biol108 MUST READ Part II Paper” for more guidance on writing an outline.

The paper will be five to six pages and you need at least ten sources.  The sources can be from the peer-reviewed scientific literature, review papers, or reports from credible organizations.  You can NOT use wiki, websites, or blogs as sources, although they can be a starting point for finding more credible sources.  If you are uncertain about the credibility of a source, ask me.

This is due June 26rd.  The semester is almost over, so I encourage you to get working on it right away.  The sooner you turn it in the sooner I can give you feedback.

The top peer-reviewed journals that cover conservation biology issues are:

Conservation Biology, Biological Conservation, Conservation Letters, Journal of Applied Ecology, Ecological Applications, Ambio, Animal Conservation, Biodiversity Conservation, Science, Nature, and Trends in Ecology & Evolution.

You must include at least three sources from the peer-reviewed literature and they can include review papers (papers that summarize a field of peer-reviewed research).

While you may not have the background to understand the methods sections or all of the results section, you should be able to glean information from the introduction and discussion (conclusions).

Go to https://www.library.umass.edu and the search box is at the top.  The left part of the box has a pull down menu for specific types of searches.

Credible organizations include: IUCN, NASA, NOAA, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Organization for Tropical Studies, Wildlife Conservation Society.

Although they do some great work, I do not consider most conservation advocacy groups (Sierra Club, Green Peace, etc.) always reliable sources of scientific information.

There are several science news sites, please limit them to no more than four of your sources.  www.sciencenews.org, www.sciencedaily.com, New York Times Science section, and the Guardian’s Science section.  These are also great places to find references to other sources.

Since the last week of summer session is next week, you should start your literature search and reading today.

 
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How To Active AolCustomer Service Number I8O8.7O7.5494 | Email Support Online

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How To Active AolCustomer Service Number I8O8.7O7.5494 | Email Support Online Microsoft Aolcustomer service Number I8O8.7O7.5494

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Here’s how you can now get the Microsoft Aolcustomer service I8O8.7O7.5494. you need.

Basically, to get started, you need to have an account using Microsoft Roadrunner. Now, that may sound like an easy affair, but it’s not. Many problems can occur if they are not configured correctly. Therefore, the engineer ensures that the configuration is correct.

Drivers are important when it comes to software applications. This is why some drivers contain data in Roadrunner. It can cause a lot of problems.

Sometimes it’s the server that causes the most problems. For this, some features are not available and often not all software works. Our engineers will solve the problems immediately.

Microsoft Aolis a very reliable software when it comes to security. But at the same time, there are situations when there are errors in the authentication process. This will register your Aolaccount and a Microsoft sponsor will provide you with the patch.

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We understand all our customers aren’t old Microsoft Aolusers. Thus, we take care of new users with walkthroughs, how-to articles, manual guides etc.

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Communication is very important, so you can enter into very good communication. In addition, our aolsupport serviceis open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, so you can always contact us whenever you want. Call the helpline and a specialist will contact you. They will take it from there. You can also send an email with an email id. You will get a response in a short time.

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AolCustomer Service Number I8O8.7O7.5494 | Email Support

Microsoft Aolcustomer service Number I8O8.7O7.5494

Aolhas become one of the most widely used applications in the MS Office package. Sending, receiving, and managing email is important, but there are others. Use manager features, calendars and sample directories. Problems are inevitable with many software tools. Depending on your mastery of this process, you may face a variety of challenges. The best option for this is to get the best Aolcustomer service I8O8.7O7.5494.possible.

Microsoft Aolis available for all platforms to use. In addition to Windows PC, this tool is available for iOS and Android as well as Mac users. Microsoft Corporation has decided on the importance of improving its product portfolio for mobile devices.

So it doesn’t matter how you access Microsoft Aolservices I8O8.7O7.5494 If you know you’re having specific issues with this, a Microsoft support expert can help.

Learn more about Microsoft Roadrunner

Microsoft Aolstarted as a simple email service. But slowly, as the demand for integration services grew, Microsoft rounded up many more. They continuously release versions of Aolonce every few years.

And the new features are kept, which makes it very useful. But each of them has problems. This may be because the user cannot use the special. Even faulty software that just doesn’t work.

Microsoft support engineers have resolved all issues with Aoluser authentication. Solving the problem is therefore only a matter of time.

The three levels of communication have been introduced for fast communication. The Microsoft Helpline I8O8.7O7.5494 is available online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to listen to issues.

A quick fix for Microsoft Roadrunner

Microsoft Support employs industry experts. Today, when it comes to sophisticated software technologies, knowledge is key. And that’s what you recognize in this group.

Here’s how you can now get the Microsoft Aolcustomer service I8O8.7O7.5494. you need.

Basically, to get started, you need to have an account using Microsoft Roadrunner. Now, that may sound like an easy affair, but it’s not. Many problems can occur if they are not configured correctly. Therefore, the engineer ensures that the configuration is correct.

Drivers are important when it comes to software applications. This is why some drivers contain data in Roadrunner. It can cause a lot of problems.

Sometimes it’s the server that causes the most problems. For this, some features are not available and often not all software works. Our engineers will solve the problems immediately.

Microsoft Aolis a very reliable software when it comes to security. But at the same time, there are situations when there are errors in the authentication process. This will register your Aolaccount and a Microsoft sponsor will provide you with the patch.

Other minor software glitches can also have recurring issues. Our support staff will identify and resolve all such issues.

Why should you register for Microsoft Support Services? I8O8.7O7.5494

If you’re having trouble with Microsoft Aoland need Aolclient support, find a Windows support group. Support staff here are rigorously trained to develop the skills they need to do the job.

However, there is a skill gap when it comes to high-tech competitions. This is another reason why you can get help from us. You will gain many years of experience that the army has.

Fast service

With Windows support, you don’t have to worry about support downtime. Your valuable time and a support representative will be given to you. Our engineers use the best possible techniques to complete the job, so we can assure our customers of the job.

State Of The Art Tools

Our experts use the latest and best technology. With the rapid development of technology in the world, it is very difficult to keep pace. This Aolservice is very good as it always provides updates and other services.

Reasonable service charges

 
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Signs and symptoms that point to a mental health diagnosis

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RUNNING HEAD: CASE STUDY: SCHIZOPHRENIA 1

CASE STUDY: SCHIZOPHRENIA 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Case study: Schizophrenia

Name

Institutional affiliation

Date

 

Student name:

Date:

Lesson:

Mental health diagnosis: Schizophrenia

Client’s name: Calista

Signs and symptoms for mental health diagnosis:

· Delusions

· Suicidal thoughts

· Lack of motivation

· Depression phases

Other case details that need to be known for treatment planning:

· Whether the patient was under any form of medication prior to the diagnosis-understanding, the patient’s forms of medication and therapy prior to this diagnosis will provide the medical officer with information on how the client’s body reacted to these medications and if these forms of medication lowered the occurrence of signs and symptoms.

· Whether family and friends are aware of ways of dealing with her schizophrenic episodes- When family and close friends of the client are informed of the mental condition, they will better understand why these episodes occur and will calmy take measures to help her if they occur in future.

The above information will help the medical officer formulate an overall treatment plan that includes the client’s family and friends. Before this diagnosis, any form of medication she was taking might affect future prescriptions.

Treatment interventions and reason:

· Psychiatric evaluation- psychiatric evaluation will help rule out other causes of the client’s signs and symptoms.

· Antipsychotic medications- will help mitigate the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia by controlling the action of dopamine in the brain.

· Psychosocial interventions- these are interventions that involve teaching people with schizophrenia how to live everyday lives as much as possible.

· Electroconvulsive therapy is mainly for people who do not respond to medical therapy and may also have depression.

The above treatment interventions may be used individually or collaborated for better patient health outcomes. They need to be constantly reviewed as the patient progresses through treatment. Reviews may require that new interventions are implemented or that existing interventions be reduced according to the patient’s health outcome.

 
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