Management theories help in increasing the level of productivity in organisations, and increasing the level of motivation to employees. Contemporary management theories teach managers on how to get the most of human assets. The contemporary management theories also help in encouraging staff to have more participation in decision making and improve interpersonal relations, between employees and with supervisors. Management school emerged as early as the twentieth century, focusing on two main directions. In scientific management, this focuses on the work of the individual and in administrative management, which focuses on the organization as a whole. Political, economic, technological and social changes served as an incentive for scientists to study the causes of inefficiency and to try to find effective methods and procedures for control. Demand and supply also play an important role, increase in demand relates with productions increase and workers trained according to the appropriate management methods. The power of using modern management theories is changed and evolved during different periods, but still it showed that the use of the contemporary management theories has an important role for the effective confrontation of the competition struggle and for being successful in the market. Management is the process of deciding what to do and then getting it done through the effective use of resources. It is about what managers do to make things happen. Employees as one of the most important capital of the enterprise require special treatment in order to achieve the company’s objectives and goals. The importance of management theories since its beginnings, and over time has continued to be studied and constructed models and mixed theories that have tried to analyse the impact of human resources on the organisational structure and increased efficiency.

Shouldice Hospital in Canada is widely known for one thing-hernia repair! In fact, that is the only operation it performs, and it performs a great many of them. Over the past two decades this small 90-bed hospital has averaged 7,000 operations annually. Last year, it had a record year and performed nearly 7,500 operations. A hernia repair operation at Shouldice Hospital is performed by one of the 12 full-time surgeons assisted by one of seven part-time assistant surgeons. The first operations begin at 7:30 AM each day, Monday through Friday. Surgeons generally take about one hour to prepare for and perform each hernia operation, and they operate on an average of at most four patients per day. This four patient per day limit on the average number of operations performed per surgeon has been found to be the best operating level for the hospital as it take into account time the surgeons need for patient exams and consultations, updating medical charts, writing reports, traveling to professional conferences, vacations, and other times when they are performing other duties or are not available to perform surgeries. A given surgeon may perform more than four surgeries on a given day, but the average cannot exceed four without having adverse effects on overall hospital operations. The surgeons’ day ends at 4 p.m. Although hernia repair operations are performed only five days a week, the remainder of the hospital is in operation continuously to attend to recovering patients. The below table shows the number of operations with 90 Beds (30 patients per day).Each row in the table follows the patients who checked in on a given day. The columns indicate the number of patients in the hospital on a given day. Patients check-in to the hospital the day before their operation is scheduled and stay for three days. FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY MONDAY 30 TUESDAY 30 30 CHECK-IN DAY Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Total BEDS REQUIRED WEDNESDAY THURSDAY 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 69 99 90 90 60 30 For example, the first row of the table shows that 30 people checked in on Monday and were in the hospital for Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. By summing the columns of the table for Wednesday, we see that there are 90 patients staying in the hospital that day. The medical facilities at Shouldice consist of five operating rooms, a patient recovery room, a laboratory, and six examination rooms. An operation at Shouldice Hospital is performed by one of the 12 full-time surgeons assisted by one of seven part-time assistant surgeons. Surgeons generally take about one hour to prepare for and perform each hernia operation. Now look at the effect of increasing the number of beds by 50 percent. Although financial data are sketchy, an estimate from a construction company indicates that adding bed capacity would cost about $100,000 per bed. In addition, the rate charged for the hernia surgery varies between about $900 and $2,000 (U.S. dollars), with an average rate of $1,300 per operation. The surgeons are paid a flat $600 per operation. How many weeks would it take the hospital to payback its investments? (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)