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Fergus and Freya Eneas have owned Gregory’s Greek Restaurant for over thirty years in Gregory town, a small scenic town in the country. The restaurant overlooks a river and offers visitors a lovely view of the countryside. Over the years, the restaurant’s popularity has grown through word-of-mouth advertising, and now guests often wait up to two hours on the weekend before being seated. Fergus and Freya have been approached by Divina Developers, which wants to use the Gregory’s Greek Restaurant concept in a mixed-use development it is putting together. It seems that one of Divina’s managers ate at Gregory’s and loved the concept. Divina Developers put together an investment proposal for Fergus and Freya requesting to use their concept and cash equity for the deal. The following are excerpts from the offer sent by Divina: ■ Use of the Gregory’s Greek Restaurant name in exchange for limited partnership units in the new restaurant. ■ A request for a 45% equity investment from Fergus and Freya on the total project cost of $3,000,000. In return for their investment, they will receive 25% ownership and 25% of all cash flows, with Divina reserving 75%. ■ With an estimated $175,000 in cash flows in Year 1 and a 10% growth rate over the next decade, the return on equity looks very promising. ■ Divina Developers, as the general partner, will retain all operating rights, including the right to decide when the restaurant and property will be sold. 1. Identify and explain the positive and negative aspects of the proposed business entity for Fergus and Freya. 2. Calculate the IRR for this project based on a sale in Year 6 with a 10% cap rate. 3. Analyze the structure of the equity proposal. If you were Fergus and Freya, would you accept this offer as it stands? If not, what would you negotiate?

 

 
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Your owner or prospective equity investor will evaluate your investment package in a similar manner to that of your lender, but with more of an eye toward the upside potential of your deal. In addition to evaluating the overall feasibility of the project, the qualifications of your project management team, and the risk associated with achieving your financial projections, prospective equity investors are also interested in the answers to the following questions: 1. How much equity is the sponsor group investing in the deal? ■ This is a tough question to answer, particularly if you have a limited amount of capital to invest in the venture or if you have elected not to invest your own funds in the deal. ■ If you are able and willing to provide between 5% and 10% of the equity required, the outside equity investor will usually be comfortable. 2. What annual return on investment (ROI) can I expect to receive, what’s the payback period, what is the net present value (NPV) of the deal, what is my projected internal rate of return (IRR), and how much profit is the sponsor group making on the deal? ■ As long as your owner or prospective equity investor is confident that he will achieve his targeted IRR hurdle rate, he will usually be okay with you earning a portion of the cash flow as well. ■ The key is for the equity investors to receive their return first before you reap any significant rewards from the deal. 3. What is the exit strategy? ■ An equity investor’s strategy is often to invest their equity, make a fast profit, and look for another opportunity to do it again. ■ The faster the exit strategy, the more likely the outside equity investor will be to invest in your deal. If you provide your owner and/or equity investor with credible answers to these three questions, they are likely to invest equity in your deal. If you reward them with the IRR they are seeking and execute your exit strategy well, you will also have a likely source of equity for your next deal.

 

 
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Your investment package should answer the following questions that lenders are most interested in: 1. How strong is the project, and is it really feasible? ■ Your business plan, story, and feasibility study must be persuasive and confirmed by a credible third-party source. 2. Is the project team really qualified? ■ The credentials of your team must be outstanding. If you are attempting to finance a start-up business and your management team lacks experience, make sure you surround yourself with seasoned professionals and reward them well. Your investment in their talents will serve you well on later deals and help you establish a favorable track record for your company. 3. What is the risk of the venture failing? ■ Lending is all about risk, so don’t ignore it. You must clearly state what the risks of the proposed project are and how you plan to minimize them. ■ Risk can be minimized by providing additional collateral, personal guarantees, or, more preferably, by showing the lender that it is a conservative loan with low loan-to-cost and loan-to-value ratios, a high debt service coverage ratio, and that the loan can easily be paid back out of future cash flows.

 

 
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Over the years when Apple Inc. needed a leader to direct the hardware engineering for a key project, top management frequently turned to veteran Bob Mansfield. So, it was logical when CEO Tim Cook wanted a strong leader to take over the reins of the autonomous driving system that he chose Mansfield. Previous to the car project, Mansfield was the senior vice president of Technologies at Apple, a group that combined all of Apple’s wireless teams into one unit, fostering innovation at an even higher level. He was also previously the leader in charge of some of the company’s biggest hits, such as the original iPad, the iMac, and the MacBook Air. Although not an automobile specialist, he is skilled at converting Apple’s hardware division into reality. Mansfield, along with design chief Jony Ive, was one of the few executives to appear in Apple’s carefully designed product announcement videos. Under Mansfield’s leadership, the company has not abandoned its effort to build an Apple Car, but it has begun to focus more heavily on developing an autonomous driving system. Such a system could make it more feasible to partner with a traditional automobile manufacturer in the future. Mansfield has three teams in his division: one for software, one for sensors, and one for hardware engineering. One of the implied purposes of appointing Mansfield to the car project was to get it back on track because the project had been mired in problems. One of the challenges, for example, was for Apple to find a way to differentiate its proposed vehicle for automotive companies entering the self-driving field.  1. Identify at least two roles that Mansfield occupies, and explain your reasoning. 2. What do you see as Mansfield’s most important qualification for heading up the Apple Car project? 3. Even if Apple is a great company and Mansfield is a strong leader, would you ever purchase a self-driving car produced by a maker of electronic gadgets and small computers?

 

 
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