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(a) Define the demographic transition’. Describe how birth rates, death rates and population growth rates typically differ between the stages of the ‘demographic transition’.

(b) Write down the formula for the Net Reproduction Rate, delining carefully all the symbols you use. State how, under specified conditions, the value of the Net Reproduction Rate is related to population growth. Explain why for many of the countries in which the value of the net reproduction rate for 2015-20 was below 1 (daughter per woman the population growth rate for 2015-20 was positive.

(d) Describe how the population growth rates for Victoria and the Northern Territory and the components of these population growth rates changed between 2019 and 2020

Describe how the numbers of representatives of Australia’s states in the Federal House of Representatives and the numbers of representatives of Australia’s states in the Federal Senate are related to the spatial distribution of population. How does the ratio of state’s total population to state’s number of representatives in the Federal Senate vary between Australia’s states?

Define the term ‘excess deaths in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Give three examples of how the COVID-19 pandemic could affect the numbers of deaths from causes of death other than COVID-19.

(e) S 5 Write down the formulae for the Crude Death Rate and the Directly Standardised Death Rate, clearly specifying all the symbols you use. Explain why for 2018 the Crude Death Rate of the Indigenous population of New South Wales was lower than the Crude Death Rate of the Non-Indigenous population of New South Wales, whilst the Directly Standardised Death Rate of the Indigenous population of New South Wales was higher than the Directly Standardised Death Rate of the Non-Indigenous population of New South Wales. please turn over for more questions)
 
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In 300 words, and in the context of Revenue Models in the Digital World, discuss the role of the following mechanisms:

Affiliate marketing Subscription Freemium . . ? Provide example for each model

Note: do not use the examples in the slides materials Question 2 requirements:

? Describe, in 100 words, the organizational functional area. ? In 300 words, provide a detailed example about two of the functional area, and how do they operate using is inside each one of them? and how they utilize the IS to pass and process the daily transactions between them?

> At which organizational decision-making level the functional area manager is actively operating in it?
 
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The first unit of Wecare Co started in Coleswood, with the aim of bringing vegan, cruelty free shampoos to the market. Razia Wahab started the company because she wanted to provide affordable cruelty free products that were effective. She used a small inheritance and started the production in her garage in Lalaland, a relatively stable economy with good demand for cruelty free products. In the 3 years since its inception, Wecare has grown to become production intensive and expanded into more than 50 locations, some of which have a dynamic environment. The branch in Lalaland acts as the head office. In the recent times there are new players entering the market, offering cruelty free products at competitive rates.

Razia has always been a value driven person. She believes in team work is the major reason for the company’s success. Putting aside differences and working toward a common goal gives the company purpose to keep growing. She also strongly roots for growth and innovation. She pushes for innovation in her products as well as in her employees learning new skills. She encourages her employees to learn managerial skills and progress within the organization. Razia also stresses on good organizational culture within the company. She stresses that the culture helps a company thrive.

At the locations, the employee numbers are comparatively low. Hence, they are flexible in certain matters, such as not having formal meetings or having a business-casual dress code. There are no name plates or titles listed outside the offices, and this encourages a culture of equality regardless of their designation. The overall culture within the organization is based on trust with the employees forming close personal relationships with their colleagues. They are striking a balance between being a “small” company and implementing “large” company protocols, thereby being a medium company in the growth stage.

Razia has always found the notion of one product fits all impractical in beauty care products. She believes in highly customized products that give very specific results. Razia also strives to have products that incorporate the culture of the area that they are sold in. She has introduced Rice water shampoo in China and Soap nut shampoos in India and plans to add more such products. She plans to diversify into highly specialized body care products.

All major strategic decisions in Wecare were taken at the head office. The management would convene a meeting where the proposal is put up to vote. If it involved a particular branch then the respective head would also be invited via video conferencing. Razia wants the individual branches to have their own freedom in operational matters. She wants them to have the freedom to react quickly to the local conditions and demands, all while being liable to take ownership for their decisions. She aims to gradually provide them the authority to introduce some products without head office interference.

Recently, Razia feels that there is need to streamline the structure of the organization. With Razia’s plans to diversify and expand the business geographically, the management has suggested to bring in a Chief Operation Officer, who can interact with the branch heads and manage the operations of the company. They have short listed 3 candidates for Razia’s review. One Mr. Khan stands out with his impeccable record of making decisions in the company’s interests, in a dynamic, time pressured situation. He is aggressive in his pursuit of goals and is comfortable taking the pressure upon himself. He strongly believes in a rigid approach to written rules.

Identify which type organizational structure is currently implemented in the given case study? Support your answer with evidence , Recommend an organizational structure type to be implemented in the case study. Support your answer with reasons,Evaluate the variables affecting effective leadership at work

 
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Research ethics and the Milgram experiments

Perhaps the most famous example of ethical issues in social research came from a set of experiments carried out by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram. In the Summer of 1961 more than 700 people came to Yale in order to take part in an experiment that, they were told, was about memory and learning.3 As part of the experiment one research participant (the ‘teacher’) was asked to administer electric shocks to a second research participant (the ‘learner’) in order to test their ability to remember words. However, the experiment was fixed – the learner was a confederate (i.e. an insider who worked with Milgram). The experiment proceeded as follows:4

The teacher was told to administer an electric shock every time the learner makes a mistake, increasing the level of shock each time. There were 30 switches on the shock generator marked from 15 volts (slight shock) to 450 (danger – severe shock).

The learner gave mainly wrong answers (on purpose) and for each of these the teacher gave him an electric shock. When the teacher refused to administer a shock the experimenter was to give a series of orders/prods to ensure they continued. There were four prods and if one was not obeyed then the experimenter (Mr. Williams) read out the next prod, and so on.

Prod 1: Please continue.

Prod 2: The experiment requires you to continue.

Prod 3: It is absolutely essential that you continue.

Prod 4: You have no other choice but to continue.

After the experiments were completed, Milgram claimed that two-thirds of respondents had gone to the final switch (450 volts), creating the fear that they may have seriously harmed or even killed the ‘learner’.
The experiment raised a broad range of ethical issues for researchers and has created debate around human behaviour ever since. In terms of factors relevant to marketing research, the ethical issues raised by Milgram’s experiments centred on the potential for harm to the research participants. The participants were misled during the experimental process so could not have been considered to have given informed consent. Furthermore, there was a potential for trauma for research participants following the experiment. The ethics of the research methods used, as much as the findings, have been a source of discussion every since.

 
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