Huey et al. [2000] studied the development of a fly (Drosophila subobscura) that had accidentally been introduced from Europe (EU) into North America (N.A.) around 1980. In Europe, characteristics of the flies’ wings follow a “cline” – a steady change with latitude. One decade after introduction, the N.A. population had spread throughout the continent, but […]
Many of the ideas of regression first appeared in the work of Sir Francis Galton on the inheritance of characteristics from one generation to the next. In a paper on “Typical Laws of Heredity,” delivered to the Royal Institution on February 9, 1877, Galton discussed some experiments on sweet peas. By comparing the sweet peas […]
Logarithmic transformations: data set pollution.csv (variable definitions are in file pollution.txt) contains mortality rates and various environmental factors from 60 U.S. metropolitan areas [McDonald and Schwing, 1973]. For this exercise we shall model mortality rate given nitric oxides, sulfur dioxide, and hydrocarbons as inputs. This model is an extreme oversimplification as it combines all sources […]
Regression analysis is often used as a tool for causal inference. A typical application of regression analysis for casual inference will fit a model using the outcome as the response variable and the potential cause(s) as the predictor(s). Because of the inevitable confounding factors in a typical social science study, the regression model will inevitably […]
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