solution

Which type of scale provides participants with an opportunity to express no opinion when they are unable to make a choice among the alternatives offered?

Forced-choice

Multidimensional

Balanced

Unbalanced

Unforced-choice

2. Which type of scale is used when participants score an object according to its comparative order among two or more objects?

Ranking

Rating

Categorization

Sorting

Recording

3. In mail and in web-based surveys, which form of order bias is likely to occur?

Recency effect

Primacy effect

Halo effect

Demand effect

Leniency

4. When it is not possible to randomly assign participants to groups, _____ should be used.

control groups

matching

replication

purposive assignment

pilot testing

5. True experimental designs differ from pre-experimental designs in that _____.

true experimental designs use random assignment

pre-experimental designs include the use of a control group

pre-experimental designs include the use of pre-tests

true experimental designs include multiple treatment groups

pre-experimental designs have fewer threats to internal validity